子痫前期病因及发病机制的研究

Study on the Etiology and Pathogenesis of Preeclampsia

子痫前期(PE)是妊娠期妇女特发的疾病,是孕产妇病死率升高的主要原因,其病因及发病机制尚未完全阐明。目前公认的发病机制仍坚持"两阶段"学说,而对于学说中导致妊娠早期胎盘滋养细胞缺血缺氧的原因及多种活血管物质之间的作用规律仍存在争议,尤其对于缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)、内皮素-1(ET-1)及诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)在子痫前期中的详细表达谱了解较少。针对子痫前期发病的高危因素,处理措施仍为早期规律孕产检,尽量去除发病诱因,研究该病的发病机制有助于早期预防及治疗。因此,本文现对子痫前期的病因和发病机制的研究进展作一综述。

Preeclampsia(PE)is a disease specific to women during pregnancy,and is the main reason for the increase in maternal mortality.Its etiology and pathogenesis have not been fully elucidated.The currently recognized pathogenesis still adheres to the"two-stage"theory,and there are still controversies about the reasons for the ischemia and hypoxia of the placental trophoblast cells in early pregnancy and the law of action among various active vascular substances in the theory.Especially the detailed expression profiles of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α),endothelin-1(ET-1)and inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)in preeclampsia are not well understood.In view of the high-risk factors of preeclampsia,the treatment measures are still early regular pregnancy and childbirth examinations,and try to remove the causes of the disease.Studying the pathogenesis of the disease is helpful for early prevention and treatment.Therefore,this article now reviews the research progress of the etiology and pathogenesis of preeclampsia.