养老护理人员胜任素质指标体系构建与应用——基于396名养老护理人员的调查

Construction and Application of Competency Index System for Elderly Care Nursing Staff——Based on an Investigation of 396 Elderly Care Staffs

随着我国人口老龄化步伐的加快,如何完善养老服务体系,提供社会化、多层次养老服务成为我国当前亟待解决的社会热点问题。提高养老护理人员素质和保障服务水平,是推进我国养老服务体系发展的关键。构建养老护理人员胜任素质指标体系,能够为政府部门制定养老护理人员培育政策及其职业生涯发展提供指导、为加强养老服务人力资源开发与管理提供科学的依据。以胜任素质模型为理论依据,运用文献回顾、行为事件访谈法编制养老护理人员调查量表,针对济南、青岛6家养老机构396名养老护理人员的问卷调查数据,采用探索性因子分析和结构方程模型,构建并检验了养老护理人员的胜任素质指标体系。研究结果表明:养老护理人员胜任素质指标体系主要由护理基本知识、照护技能、个人特质、职业道德与认同感4个维度的26项胜任素质特征构成。从每个维度的影响效应分析,影响最大的是照护技能,其后依次为护理基本知识、个人特质、职业道德与认同感。基于该指标体系,分别从完善养老护理人员的招聘选拔机制、培训机制、考核激励机制三方面提出了拓宽招聘渠道扩大招聘群体、设置合理选拨标准、加强培训内容开发、增设培训可选择方案及实景模拟评价方式等养老护理人员胜任素质提升路径。

With the acceleration of population aging in China,how to improve the elderly care service system and provide socialized,multi-level services has become a hot issue that needs to be solved urgently.Improving the quality of elderly care nursing workers and guaranteeing service levels are the key to promoting the development of China's elderly care service system.Constructing the competency index system for elderly care nursing staff can provide guidance for the government to formulate the nursing care personnel training policies and career planning,and provide a scientific basis for strengthening the development and management of human resources in elderly care services.Based on a questionnaire which is developed through documentation review and behavioral event interview and the survey over 396 elderly care nursing staffs from 6 pension institutions in Jinan and Qingdao,the author constructs and tests the competency index system of elderly care nursing staffs with the application of factor analysis and verification analysis methods.The study shows that the competency index system of nursing staff is mainly composed of 26 competency characteristics in four dimensions:basic nursing knowledge,nursing skills,personal traits,professional ethics and identity.On the analysis of the impact effects of each dimension,the most influential factor is the nursing skills,followed by the basic nursing knowledge,personal characteristics,professional ethics and identity.Based on this indicator system,to improve the competency of elderly care nursing staff,the author puts forward that we should start from perfecting the mechanism of recruitment,training and assessment for elderly care nursing staff,broaden recruitment groups,set reasonable selection standards,strengthen training content development,and add training options and real-world simulation evaluations.