粮食基因编辑的法哲学思辨

Reflection on Crops Genome Editing in the Perspective of Legal Philosophy

粮食基因编辑的核心问题,源于目前科学尚无法证实其商业化对人类生存安全究竟有无潜在威胁。现有立法通例基于"自由主义"理念,坚持人的主体性与技术理性,构建起了以标识为主体的预防机制,来监管基因编辑食品的商业化。与此相反,"伦理自然主义"坚信,基因编辑食品对自然与人类生存所构成的潜在威胁具有不可逆转的反自然性,故应拒斥或者禁止。但以"自由主义"为导向的"主客体"对立的理论范式,过于强调个体利益,而忽视了人类与自然的天人合一的共存关系;伦理自然主义所主张的"主体间性"解构或否定了"主客体"二元认知的法哲学基础。因此,粮食基因编辑的规制,应以人类与自然"主客体"对立统一的辩证唯物主义思维,秉承"人类命运共同体"理念,尊重暂不干预或干涉原则,以确保人类与自然和谐共存的可持续发展。

The major problem of crops genome editing stems from the fact that science has not been able to prove whether its commercialization has potential threat to human survival and security.Based on the concept of"liberalism"and adhere to human subjectivity and scientific and technological rationality,the existing general legislation constructs the label prevention mechanism to supervise the commercialization of genome edited foods.On the contrary,ethical naturalism firmly believes that the potential threat to nature and human survival of genome edited foods is irreversible,so it should be rejected or prohibited.However,the theoretical paradigm of"subject-object"opposition guided by"liberalism"overemphasizes the individual interests and ignores the coexistence relationship between man and nature,and the"inter-subjectivity"advocated by ethical naturalism deconstructs or denies the legal philosophical basis of the dual cognition of"subject-object".Therefore,the legal regulation of crops genome editing should be based on the dialectical materialism thinking of unity of opposites of"subject-object"between man and nature,adhere to the concept of"Community of Shared Future for Mankind",and respect the principle of temporary non-intervention,and to ensure the sustainable development of harmonious coexistence of man and nature.