滴灌对滨海盐地苹果园土壤及树体的影响

Effect of Drip Irrigation on Soil And Trunk in Coastal Salt-land Apple Orchards

为探明滨海盐地苹果园滴灌技术的应用效果,探讨滴罐对滨海盐地苹果园土壤和树体的影响,2015年12月~2019年12月在山东省东营市河口区梁家村15年生高接紫弘苹果园进行了滴灌(树体两侧分别铺设一条滴灌带,距离树干0.5m,滴头间距30cm,每小时供水量1.6L)应用研究,持续监测苹果园土壤水分、盐离子含量、树体生长及产量的变化情况。试验结果表明:春季果园土壤解冻后,滴灌处理冠下土壤含水量显著高于漫灌处理的冠下土壤含水量,滴罐处理行间土壤含水量低于漫灌处理行间土壤含水量。春季果园土壤解冻后,滴灌处理不同深度(15,45,75,105cm)土壤的可溶性盐含量均高于或显著高于漫灌处理,漫灌处理盐离子含量在不同年度间差异较小。在试验后期,漫灌处理的树体干周年均增长量显著高于滴灌处理树体干周年均增长量,但漫灌处理和滴罐处理下苹果叶片中的氯离子含量差异不显著,且二者产量差异也不明显。

In order to develop the supporting technologies for drip irrigation in coastal salt-land apple orchards,a drip irrigation application study was carried out from December 2015 to December 2019 in a 15-year-old Zihong apple orchard in Liangjia Village,Hekou District,Dongying City,Shandong Province.The changes of soil water content,salt ion content,tree growth and yield were continuously monitored.Drip irrigation tapes were laid next to the trunks with a distance of 0.5 m,the distance between dripper was 30 cm with 1.6 L water supply per hour.The results showed that after thawing in spring,the soil water content under the crown of drip irrigation plots was significantly higher than that of flood irrigation plots,and the soil water content between rows was lower than that of flood irrigation plots.The content of soluble salt in different depth(15,45,75,105 cm)soil of drip irrigation plots was higher or significantly higher than that of flood irrigation plots,and the annual variation of the salt ion content of flood irrigation plots was small after thawing in spring.In the later period of the experiment,the annual growth of trunk girth in flood irrigation treatment was significantly higher than that of drip irrigation,but there was no significant difference in the chloride ion content of apple leaves and the yield of apple trees between the drip irrigation and the flood irrigation.