海安市2016-2019年农村地区蚊媒监测结果分析

Analysis of mosquito vector monitoring results in rural areas of Hai’an city from 2016 to 2019

目的了解海安市农村地区蚊媒的种类、密度、季节消长规律,为蚊媒及蚊媒疾病控制提供参考依据。方法成蚊及幼虫密度监测分别采用诱蚊灯法和勺捕法,监测数据采用描述性统计分析。结果2016-2019年共捕获成蚊91546只,其中淡色库蚊、致倦库蚊、中华按蚊分别占捕蚊总数的47.27%41.11%和13.50%;不同蚊种构成比之间的差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=342.55,P<0.001);不同年度蚊媒密度变化呈波动增长的趋势;季节消长曲线显示,成蚊密度高峰期为7-8月;不同环境中居民区(人房屋檐下)密度最高,野外(近水稻田处)次之,医院密度最低,平均密度分别为327.62只/灯·夜、147.52只/灯·夜、71.07只/灯·夜;稻田及灌溉水体中按蚊和库蚊幼虫平均密度分别为10.08条/20勺和14.35条/20勺;结论海安市主要蚊媒为淡色库蚊、致倦库蚊和中华按蚊;居民区蚊密度较高,需加强居民周边地区防蚊控蚊措施,有效减少蚊密度。

Objective To understand the species,density and seasonal fluctuation of mosquito vectors in rural areas of Hai’an City,and to provide reference for mosquito vectors and mosquito borne disease control.Methods The density of adult and larva were monitored by light trap method and spoon trap method respectively,and the monitoring data were analyzed by descriptive statistics.Results A total of 91546 adult mosquitoes were captured in 2016-2019,including Culex pipiens pallens,Culex quinquefasciatus and Anopheles sinensis,accounting for 47.27%,41.11%and 13.50%of the total mosquito catches,respectively.There were significant differences among different mosquito species(χ^(2)=342.55,P<0.001).The change of mosquito density in different years showed a fluctuating growth trend.The seasonal fluctuation curve showed that the peak of adult mosquito density was from July to August.In different environments,the density of residential area(under the eaves of human house)was the highest,followed by the field(near paddy field),and the density of hospital was the lowest,with the average density of 327.62,147.52 and 71.07 insects/(lamp·night).The average larval densities of Anopheles and Culex in paddy field and irrigation water were 10.08 and 14.35(strips/20 spoons),respectively.Conclusion The main mosquito vectors in Hai’an city are Culex pipiens pallens,Culex quinquefasciatus and Anopheles sinensis.The density of mosquitoes in residential areas is high,so it is necessary to strengthen mosquito control measures in the surrounding areas of residents to effectively reduce the mosquito density.