三格化粪池厕所的功能定位及在农村改厕中的应用误区

Functional orientation of the three-chamber septic tank toilet and errors in its application in rural toilet reform

三格化粪池厕所因价格低廉、运维简便,成为当前欠发达地区农村厕所革命的主要技术模式,但在实际应用中普遍存在对其功能定位的认识误区,对化粪池后期的正确使用、粪污的无害化处理及粪肥有效回用造成了不良影响。因此,本文通过溯源化粪池发展历程,分析其在不同卫生模式下的功能定位,并揭示三格化粪池厕所具有卫生性和环保性的历史使命。在此基础上,通过剖析部分地区当前农村改厕存在的3个典型误区,即采用普通水冲式便器、"管道收集+(集中型)大化粪池"和"收集+异地脱水干燥制肥"应用模式的问题,指出需重视化粪池正确利用,并结合农村改厕中化粪池应用提出合理化建议。

Because of its low price and simple operation and maintenance,the three-compartment septic tank toilet has become the main technical mode of the rural toilet revolution in underdeveloped areas.However,there are some widespread misunderstandings about its functional orientation,which will have a negative impact on the correct use of the septic tank,the harmless disposal of manure,and the reuse of manure.Therefore,this paper traced the development of the septic tank,analyzed its functional orientation under different sanitation patterns,and revealed the historical mission of sanitation and environmental protection of septic tank toilets.On this basis,analysis of the three typical misunderstandings of the current rural toilets in some areas,namely,the problem of common use flush toilets,"pipe collection+(centralized)large septic tank","collection+off-site dehydration dry fertilizer",revealed the need to pay attention to the correct use of septic tanks,and incorporated the septic tank toilet in rural areas into the application of rationalization recommendations.