四川省2015—2019年钉螺复现情况分析

Analysis of re-emergence of Oncomelania snail in Sichuan Province from 2015 to 2019

【目的】了解四川省2015—2019年钉螺复现情况,为提高查螺敏感性和灭螺高效性提出建议。【方法】收集四川省2015—2019年血吸虫病监测数据及防治工作调查表等资料,进行相关分析。【结果】2015—2019年,全省钉螺复现总面积为6 241.98 hm^2,各年分别为44.29、4 610.18、813.92、446.09和327.50 hm^2,占比分别为0.71%、73.86%、13.04%、7.15%和5.25%。其中平坝亚型地区复现面积为1 185.49 hm^2(占18.99%),丘陵亚型地区为2 536.58 hm^2(占40.64%),山区亚型地区为2 519.91 hm^2(占40.37%)。复现面积居前5位的市(州)分别是凉山州(2016年)、雅安市(2016年)、德阳市(2016年)、眉山市(2016年)、眉山市(2017年);复现面积排名前5位的县(区)分别是仁寿县、普格县、芦山县、天全县和德昌县。【结论】四川省钉螺复现与钉螺滋生环境复杂和政策调整有关,因此提高查灭螺质量和效率是关键,要加强对历史有螺环境的监测管理,消除松懈思想,继续探索适合山丘型流行区的灭螺技术。

[Objective]To analyze the risk of re-emergence of Oncomelania snail(O.snail)from 2015 to 2019,in order to improve the effectiveness of snail control.[Methods]Collection of report forms and schistosomiasis surveillance data was carried out from 2015 to 2019,and analyzed retrospectively.[Results]The area of snail-emergence was 6241.98 hm 2 during 2015-2019,44.29、4610.18、813.92、446.09 and 327.50 hm 2 respectively,for each corresponding year.Among the re-emergence areas,flat-ground subtype was 1185.49 hm 2(18.99%),hilly subtype was 2536.58 hm 2(40.64%),and mountain subtype was 2519.91 hm 2(40.37%).The top 5 cities with O.snail re-emergence areas were Liangshanzhou(2016),Ya′an(2016),Deyang(2016),Meishan(2016),and Meishan(2017).The top 5 disticts with O.snail re-emergence areas were Renshou,Puge,Lushan,Tianquan and Dechang.[Conclusion]The re-emergence of O.snail attributes to several factors,such as low quality of annual snail survey,unitary method of elimination and complexity of snail habit environment.Surveillance and supervision on the sources of infection and snail spreading should continue with exploration of new method in eliminating snails especially in hilly regions.