美国在地化教学改革及其启示

The Place-based Pedagogy Reform in the United States and Its Implication for China

在地化教学是一种开发课程和实施教学的方法。这种方法要求充分利用当地的人文环境和自然环境,从当地选取素材编制教学活动,旨在帮助当地学生更好地达到统一规定的教育要求,同时增进他们对当地社会、文化和生态环境等方面的了解,加强他们对当地的情感联结和责任担当。在地化教学在美国兴起主要是受到环境保护运动、反标准化教育改革以及农村教育改革的影响与推动,近年来快速发展,现已形成了学科融合型和学科渗透型两个基本类型。在实践中,在地化教学要求师生转变角色关系,鼓励学生主动参与,号召学校领导营造扎根当地的教学文化,拓展教学的资源空间。在地化教学不仅对美国农村地区和原住民地区教育的改革发展产生了积极影响,而且对我国农村地区和民族地区的教育质量提升、地方课程和校本课程建设具有重要的借鉴意义。

Place-based pedagogy is an approach to curriculum development and instruction.This approach requires to fully take advantage of the local human and natural environment,to select teaching materials from local resources,with a view to helping local students meet the unified educational requirements,enabling them to gain a better understanding of the local society,culture,ecology,etc.and further encouraging them to develop a stronger attachment and sense of responsibility to the place.Originally,this pedagogy arises from the environmental movement,anti-standardization education reform and rural education reform in the United States.With the rapid development in recent years,it has evolved into two basic types,conducting respectively across and within the traditional disciplines.In practice,place-based pedagogy calls for the change of teacher-student role,encourages students to participate in teaching activities,and calls on school leaders to cultivate the local-rooted teaching culture and to expand the space of instructional resources.Not only has it exerted positive influence on the education reform in American rural and aboriginal inhabited areas,this pedagogy also has significant implication for improving the quality of education and constructing the local-and school-based curricula in Chinese rural and ethnic areas.