秦岭大熊猫保护区生态系统服务价值时空变化研究

Variation of Ecosystem Services Value with Spatial-temporal Change and Reasons Concerned in Qinling Giant Panda Reserves

本文利用3S技术对老县城保护区、佛坪保护区、观音山龙草坪区域、天华山保护区自1984至2013年的土地利用/覆被类型、生态系统服务价值变化及原因进行研究,结果表明:(1)成立较早的佛坪和老县城保护区受到较好的保护,整体来看土地利用/覆被类型没有发生较大改变。而2000年后才成立的天华山保护区和观音山龙草坪区域则变化明显;(2)单位面积生态系统服务价值佛坪保护区最高,老县城保护区和观音山——龙草坪区域次之,天华山最低,平均单位面积生态系统服务价值都在3.64万元·hm^(-2)以上;(3)研究区域30年来土地利用/覆被类型和生态系统服务价值发生变化,最主要原因是人为活动,如砍伐、食用菌生产、开荒等,其次森林群落的自我演替,最后是自然灾害,再次证明天然林禁伐、封山育林、限制保护区内人类活动对保护生态环境、维持生态系统平衡至关重要。

By using geometric technology,Laoxiancheng Nature Reserve(NR),Foping NR,Guanyinshan-Longcaoping area,Tianhuashan NR were researched on their dynamic change of land use/cover types and ecosystem service value from 1984 to 2013.The results showed that 1)Foping and Laoxiancheng NRs which were established earlier have been protected better and generally their land use/cover types have not changed much.Tianhuashan NR that was founded after 2000 and Guanyinshan-Longcaoping area have changed significantly because of the human activities.2)Foping NR gets the highest ecological service value per unit area,followed by Laoxiancheng NR and Guanyinshan-Longcaoping area,with Tianhuashan NR to be at lowest ecosystem service value.Their average value of ecological service per unit area is all above 36.4 million yuan·hm^(-2).3)The main reason for land use/cover change of research area during the last 30 years is human activities such as over logging,mushroom producing and wasteland reclaiming.Furthermore,the natural self-succession of the forest and natural disaster could also have contributed to the change.It has been repeatedly proved that completely ban of natural forest logging,closing and afforesting mountains,and controlling the human activities inside the reserve area are very important to protect the natural environment and keep the balance of the ecosystem.