科学论证的本质、价值及教学策略

The Nature,Value,and Teaching Strategies for Scientific Argumentation

科学论证是以事实资料为基础,借助证据或理论依据支持自己的主张、反驳他人的观点,通过逻辑推理形成最终结论的科学活动。开展科学论证教学有助于加深学生对科学本质的理解、发展学生的科学推理能力以及培育基于证据意识的科学思维方法等。中学生科学论证能力的培养需设计适于开展科学论证的核心教学主题;选择适于不同主题情境的论证教学模型和策略;加强科学论证能力的评价和水平测查以及开展科学论证教学实施效果的实证研究。

Scientific argumentation is a scientific activity based on facts to draw a certain conclusion through supporting one s own claims with evidence or theoretical basis,refuting the views of others,and logical reasoning as well.Teaching students how to conduct scientific argumentation helps to deepen students understanding of the nature of science,develop students scientific reasoning ability,and cultivate evidence-awareness-based scientific thinking.The cultivation of scientific argumentation ability of middle school students needs proper design of core teaching themes for scientific argumentation,careful selection of argumentation teaching models and strategies for different themes and situations,strengthening the evaluation of scientific argumentation ability,and carrying out empirical studies which can demonstrate the effect of implementing scientific argumentation teaching.