更加精确的生命周期评价方法———区域生命周期评价

A More Accurate Life Cycle Assessment Method—Regional Life Cycle Assessment

通用的生命周期评价方法将环境影响简化为一个大陆甚至整个世界,而忽略了排放发生的位置和排放的局部环境条件,因而可能带来环境影响的重大误报。同时,由于生产工艺的差别,相同单位的同种物质,在不同地区生产可能造成的环境影响种类和程度也大不相同。为了解决地理变异性对生命周期评价结果的影响,研究人员引入了区域生命周期评价的方法,通过区域化和空间化的措施得到更加精确的评价结果以支持环境政策的制定和环境治理手段的选择。系统介绍了区域生命周期评价方法的发展历程、原理和实施方法,推荐了部分区域化背景数据的获取渠道,并介绍了部分使用区域生命周期评价的研究案例,从而验证区域化有利于提高影响评价结果的稳健性。因此区域生命周期评价可以弥补通用生命周期评价缺乏空间信息的不足,使环境影响评价的结果更加精确。

The general life cycle assessment(LCA)method simplifies the environmental impact to a continent or even the whole world,but ignores the location of the emission and the local environmental conditions of the emission,which may lead to significant misstatement of the environmental impact.At the same time,due to the difference in production process,the same substance in the same unit,the possible environmental impact of production in different areas of the type and degree are also very different.In order to solve the influence of geographical variability on the results of LCA,researchers introduced the method of regional life cycle assessment to obtain more accurate assessment results through regionalization and spatialization to support the formulation of environmental policies and the selection of environmental governance means.This paper systematically introduces the development process,principles and implementation methods of the regional life cycle assessment,recommends the acquisition channels of some regional background data,and introduces some research cases using the regional life cycle assessment,so as to verify that regionalization is conducive to improving the robustness of impact assessment results.Therefore,regional life cycle assessment can make up for the lack of spatial information in general life cycle assessment and make the results of environmental impact assessment more accurate.