锂无机固态电解质研究进展

Research Progress of Lithium Inorganic Solid Electrolytes

对商业化的传统液态电池存在的问题及无机固态电解质相较于传统液态电解质在安全性和能量密度等方面的优势进行了简单阐述。介绍了目前研究较多的硫化物型、钠超离子导体(NASICON)型、钙钛矿型、石榴石型和锂超离子导体(LISICON)型五种无机固态电解质的化学组成和晶体结构及锂离子导电机制,并对其离子电导率、电化学窗口、电子电导率、成本及其在各方面的稳定性等与实际应用相关的性能进行了综合介绍,重点阐述了每种无机固态电解质的离子电导率及离子掺杂取代、制备工艺改良等提高离子电导率的调控方法。最后,对影响无机固态电解质离子电导率的因素进行了总结,并对固态电解质未来的研究方向进行了展望。

The existing problems of commercial traditional liquid batteries and the advantages of inorganic solid electrolytes compared with traditional liquid electrolytes in safety and energy density are briefly described.The chemical composition,crystal structure and lithium ion conduction mechanism of five inorganic solid electrolytes are introduced,including sulfide type,Na super ionic conductor(NASICON)type,perovskite type,garnet type and Li super ionic conductor(LISICON)type,which are widely studied at present.The performances related to practical application,such as ionic conductivity,electrochemical window,electronic conductivity,cost and stability in various aspects are comprehensively introduced,and the emphasis is put on the explanation of the ion conductivity of each kind of inorganic solid electrolyte and the regulation and control methods of ion doping substitution,and preparation process improvement to enhance the ionic conductivity.Finally,the influencing factors on the ionic conductivity of inorganic solid electrolytes are summarized,and the future research directions of solid electrolytes are prospected.