老年骨质疏松性骨折围术期护理的危险因素及护理对策

The Risk Factors and Nursing Countermeasures of Perioperative Nursing for Elderly Osteoporotic Fractures

目的探讨老年骨质疏松性骨折围术期护理的危险因素,并提出相应护理对策。方法选择2018年3月—2019年5月于该院接受手术治疗与围术期护理且术后恢复不佳的49例老年骨质疏松性骨折患者组成观察组,同时抽取49例术后恢复良好的患者组成对照组。观察分析两组围术期护理的危险因素情况,并对护理对策进行分析。结果观察组合并高血压占比为46.94%,与对照组的30.61%对比,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=2.751,P=0.097);观察组的手术部位感染、下肢深静脉血栓、低体温及下肢肿胀占比分别为75.51%、63.27%、62.31%、67.35%,均高于对照组(22.45%、20.41%、38.78%、28.57%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=27.603、18.493、6.910、14.759,P<0.05);经Logistic回归分析发现,手术部位感染、下肢深静脉血栓、低体温及下肢肿胀均为影响老年骨质疏松性骨折恢复的围术期护理的危险因素(OR=10.625、6.717、2.972、5.156,P<0.05)。结论手术部位感染、下肢深静脉血栓、合并高血压、低体温及下肢肿胀均可对老年骨质疏松性骨折患者术后恢复造成不良影响,应及时给予相对应的护理对策,促进患者恢复。

Objective To explore the risk factors of perioperative nursing for elderly osteoporotic fractures and to propose corresponding nursing strategies.Methods From March 2018 to May 2019,49 elderly patients with osteoporotic fractures who received surgical treatment and perioperative care in the hospital and had poor postoperative recovery were selected to form the observation group.At the same time,49 patients with good postoperative recovery were selected to from the control group.Observed and analyzed the risk factors of perioperative nursing in the two groups,and analyzed the nursing strategies.Results The proportion of combined hypertension in the observation group was 46.94%,compared with 30.61%in the control group,the difference was not statistically significant(χ^(2)=2.751,P=0.097);surgical site infection,deep vein thrombosis,hypothermia and lower limb swelling in the observation group accounted for 75.51%,63.27%,62.31%,67.35%,respectively,which were higher than those of the control group(22.45%,20.41%,38.78%,28.57%),the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=27.603,18.493,6.910,14.759,P<0.05);Logistic regression analysis found that infection at the surgical site,deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities,hypothermia and swelling of the lower extremities all affect the osteoporosis of the elderly of perioperative care for fracture recovery(OR=10.625,6.717,2.972,5.156,P<0.05).Conclusion Surgical site infection,deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities,hypertension,hypothermia,and lower extremity swelling can all have an adverse effect on the postoperative recovery of elderly patients with osteoporotic fractures.Corresponding nursing measures should be given in time to promote the recovery of patients.