阿尔兹海默病及其诊断中环状RNA的研究进展

Research progress of circular RNA in Alzheimer’s disease and diagnosis

阿尔兹海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)是最常见的神经退行性疾病,临床主要表现为进行性认知功能减退。环状RNA(circular RNA,circRNA)是一类内源性的非编码环状RNA分子,其特征在于以共价键形成封闭环状结构,它具有结构稳定、序列保守、功能多样和组织细胞特异性。CircRNA已证实能通过小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)海绵作用影响神经元发生与损伤、Aβ沉积、神经炎症、自噬与突触功能,在AD发生与发展中发挥重要作用。目前研究发现,AD中差异表达的circRNA有可能为AD提供潜在的治疗靶点,并作为AD的疾病风险和进展标志记物或药物疗效评价标记物。

Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is the most common neurodegenerative disease,and its clinical manifestations are mainly progressive cognitive function degeneration.Circular RNA(circRNA)is an endogenous non-coding RNA,characterized by a covalent bond to form a closed circular structure.It has stable structure,conservative sequence,diverse functions and tissue-cell specificity.CircRNA has been proved to affect neurongenesis and damage,Aβdeposition,neuroinflammation,autophagy and synaptic function through microRNA(miRNA)sponge,and plays an important role in AD occurrence and development.Current studies found that circRNA differentially expressed in AD may provide a potential therapeutic target for AD,and serve as a marker of disease risk and progression of AD,or a marker for evaluating drug efficacy of AD.