从大规模定制化设计到大规模个性化设计

From design for mass customization to design for mass personalization

随着社会经济水平的迅速提高和新一代信息技术与先进制造技术的快速发展,人们的生活质量、健康意识得到显著提升,医疗、健康器械和装饰类、康复类穿戴产品大量涌现,这类产品在制造精度或与人体贴合度等方面要求极高,个性化特征日益凸显,由企业主导的大规模定制生产方式已难以适应。大规模个性化作为一种新颖的生产模式应运而生,以客户体验为最显著特征的大规模个性化正在逐渐取代大规模定制成为未来社会的主流生产模式,并已有典型的成功应用。首先从效率/成本和客户参与度两个维度,深入剖析定制化生产、大规模生产、大规模定制和大规模个性化生产模式的演化历程及其内在动因。随后在论述大规模个性化设计研究现状的基础上,阐明大规模个性化设计的概念内涵,通过驱动大规模定制向大规模个性化转换的关键要素分析,从多个维度对大规模定制化设计与大规模个性化设计进行比较,以明确两者之间的关系;进而构建包含数据基础层、技术支撑层、客户交互层、协同设计层和控制决策层的大规模个性化设计基本框架并给出其实现流程;提出实施大规模个性化设计的关键支撑技术,包括数据驱动、3D打印和韧性制造等。最后介绍脊柱侧弯矫形器、植入性医疗器械等大规模个性化设计的典型应用案例,并对今后大规模个性化设计研究的重点方向进行展望。

With the rapid progress of social economy as well as the new generation information technology and advanced manufacturing technology, people’s living quality and health awareness have been significantly improved. A large number of medical, health equipment and decorative, recovery wearable products have emerged. Such products require extremely high manufacturing accuracy or fitting degree with the human body, and their personalized features are becoming increasingly prominent, which makes it difficult to adapt to the mass customization production mode led by enterprises. Hence, mass personalization production has emerged as a novel production mode. With customer experience as the most significant characteristic, mass personalization production is gradually replacing mass customization production as the mainstream production mode in the future society, and has been successfully applied. First of all, from the two dimensions of efficiency/cost and customer engagement, the evolution process of customized production, mass production, mass customization and mass personalization production and its internal motivation was thoroughly analyzed. Then, based on the research status analysis of design for mass personalization, the concept and connotation of design for mass personalization was clarified. By analyzing the key factors driving the transformation from mass customization to mass personalization, design for mass customization and design for mass personalization were compared from multiple dimensions in order to clarify the relationship between them. Furthermore, the basic framework of design for mass personalization including database layer, technical support layer, customer interaction layer, collaborative design layer, and control and decision-making layer was built and the corresponding implementation process was given out;Additionally, the key supporting technologies for the implementation of design for mass personalization were proposed, including data-driven, 3 D printing, and resilient manufacturing. Finally, some typical application cases of design for mass personalization such as scoliosis orthotics and implantable medical devices were introduced, and the key research directions in the future of design for mass personalization were pointed out.