高深直溜井返尘密闭抽尘净化技术研究

Study on Closed Dust-removing and Purification Technique of Back Dust of High-deep Straight Shaft

金属矿山高深直溜井卸矿作业返尘浓度大、持续时间长、污染范围广,对作业人员危害严重,为解决高深直溜井卸矿口返尘污染问题,针对溜井卸矿作业工艺特点及生产现状,分析了溜井卸矿返尘特点,研究了溜井卸矿后返尘产生的诱导风量。基于溜井返尘特点和诱导风量的研究,提出了溜井卸矿口采用密闭抽尘净化的治理措施,并结合Fluent软件数值模拟,针对密闭控尘关键技术和抽尘风量开展了深入研究,改进了溜井口密闭控尘方式,确定了抽尘风量。针对溜井卸料作业面连续作业的特点,提出了一种大断面开放空间溜矿卸料作业面气幕控尘新技术,结合刚性密闭系统,实现了溜井口的全密闭控尘。结合夏甸金矿高深直溜井生产现状,对溜井卸矿密闭抽尘净化技术进行了应用。结果表明:治理后,溜井口总粉尘浓度由378.3 mg/m^(3)降至5 mg/m^(3),降尘效率为98.7%,呼吸性粉尘浓度从133.3 mg/m^(3)降至3 mg/m^(3),降尘效率达97.7%,控除尘效果较好,治理前后溜井口周围环境对比明显。研究表明:气幕控尘与刚性密闭相结合的全密闭系统较好地实现了大断面开放空间溜矿卸料作业面的透明密闭控尘,配套使用适宜处理风量的高效湿式除尘器,有助于解决高深直溜井返尘污染的难题。

The metal mine has high concentration of deep dust,long duration,wide pollution range,and serious damage to the workers. In order to solve the problem of dust return pollution at the unloading port of high-deep straight shaft,aiming at the characteristics and production status of the unloading operation of shaft,the characteristics of the dust returning from the unloading of shaft were analyzed,and the induced air volume generated by the dust return after the unloading of shaft was studied. Based on the study on the characteristics of the returning dust and the induced air volume,control measures for the closed dust extraction and purification were proposed. Combined with numerical simulation of Fluent software,the key technology of closed dust control and dust extraction air volume were studied in depth,the closed dust control method of well pass was improved,and the dust volume was determined.Aming at the continuous operation characteristics of unloading operation surface,a new dust control technology of air curtain on unloading working surface with large cross section and open space was put forward,combined with rigid closed system,the complete airtight dust control of the well pass was realized.According to the current production status of high-deep straight-through shaft in Xiadian Gold Mine,the application on the dust-removing and dust-cleaning technology of shaft was done.The results indicated that after the treatment,the total dust concentration in the shaft was reduced from 378.3 mg/m^(3) to 5 mg/m^(3),and the dust reduction efficiency is 98.7%. The respiratory dust concentration was decreased from 133.3 mg/m^(3) to 3 mg/m^(3),and the dust reduction efficiency reached 97.7%,the dust control effect was good. The surrounding environment of the wellhead before and after treatment was obvious.The study results show that the full airtight system combining air curtain dust control and rigid airtight could realize the transparent and airtight dust control on the unloading working surface of large cross section open space,and is equipped with the high-efficiency wet dust collector suitable for treating air volume,which is help for solving the problem of dust pollution in high-deep straight shafts.