中国北方农牧交错带水资源问题荟萃分析

Review on Water Resources Evolution of Farming-pastoral Ecotone in North China

伴随全球气候变化的不断演变,中国北方农牧交错带暖干化持续加剧,加上区内农业灌溉规模的扩大与城乡建设的持续提速,共同导致湖泊干涸、湿地萎缩、地下水超采等一系列生态问题。通过对中国北方农牧交错带水热条件演变、水资源与水环境状况、土地利用与农业活动强度等方面的研究综述,总结当前该区域比较突出的水资源问题有:1、气候暖干化持续发展并深刻影响生态系统供水的稳定性;2、水资源过度消耗导致生态平衡被打破的危险性增加;3、农业面源污染形成对地下水的重大污染风险;4、土地利用剧烈变化,局部地区植被退化严重,水源涵养功能弱化。同时,综述指出当前该区域现有水资源保护领域需要重点解决的问题有:1、加强机制性、系统性的生态水文过程研究;2、以水资源为限定条件,对山水林田湖草沙进行统筹配置;3、开展生态—经济—社会综合治理,实现生态保育与经济社会的协同发展。

With the continuous evolution of global climate change,the Farming-pastoral Ecotone(FPE)in North China became warming and drying.At the same time,intensified agriculture and accelerated urbanization in the FPE also resulted in a series of ecological problems,such as lake drying up,wetland shrinkage,groundwater overexploitation,etc.Based on the review of precipitation and air temperature,water resources and water quality,land use and agricultural activities in the FPE,the current main water resources problems in the region are as follows:1.The continuous warming and drying reduce water supply and threat the stability of ecosystems profoundly.2.The excessive consumption of water resources leads to the increased risk of ecological balance being broken.3.Agricultural non-point source pollution forms a major risk of groundwater pollution.4.Land use/land cover changes dramatically,and vegetation degradation in some areas is serious.At the same time,it is pointed out that the key problems to be solved in the field of water resources protection in this region are:1.Strengthen the research on the mechanism and system of eco hydrological process;2.Take water resources as the limiting condition,make overall allocation of landscape,forest,field,Lake and grass;3.Carry out the comprehensive management of ecology,economy and society to realize the coordinated development of ecological conservation and economy and society.