燃料电池用高温质子交换膜

Phosphoric Acid Based Proton Exchange Membranes for High Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

与传统质子交换膜燃料电池相比,高温质子交换膜燃料电池(HT-PEMFCs)不仅可以提高催化剂对CO的耐受能力,还能简化水热管理,提高能量转化效率。高温质子交换膜是实现高温操作的关键部件之一。掺杂无机磷酸的高温质子交换膜因为在高温度(100~200℃)和低相对湿度下具有较高的质子传导率,以及较长使用寿命而成为研究的热点。高的磷酸掺杂量有助于质子传导率的提升,但也会牺牲膜的机械强度,因此已有大量致力于提升膜综合性能的改性研究。本文对目前基于磷酸基的聚苯并咪唑类、聚芳醚类等高温质子交换膜的改性策略进行评述,并梳理总结了包括MOFs、COFs在内的新型多孔材料在质子交换膜领域的应用,最后指出了高温质子交换膜当前面临的挑战。

High temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells(HT-PEMFCs)have many advantages over traditional proton exchange membrane fuel cells,which can not only enhance the catalysts tolerance to carbon monoxide poisoning,but also simplify the water and heat management as well as improve the energy conversion efficiency.Proton exchange membrane(PEM)is one of the key components of PEMFCs.Phosphoric acid(PA)doped PEMs have recently shown remarkable advantages due to the high proton conductivity and longevity at high operating temperatures(100~200℃)and low relative humidity.Generally,high PA doping level can improve the proton conductivity of PEMs,whereas the mechanical strength of the membranes dramatically deteriorates as an expense,therefore,enormous research on the synthesis of modified polymer electrolyte membranes with improved comprehensive performance has been carried out.This review focuses on the research progress of PA doped high temperature proton exchange membranes(HT-PEMs)such as polybenzimidazole and alkaline poly(aryl ether).Particularly,the application of porous materials including metal organic frameworks(MOFs)and covalent organic frameworks(COFs)in PEMs is also summarized.Finally,the remaining challenges in this filed are indicated.