学界有关墨家宗教思想及宗教形态之研究成果评述

A Review of the Academic Achievements on the Religious Thoughts and Forms of Mohism

有关墨家宗教思想及宗教形态的研究,在墨学研究领域中尚属支流。盖因墨学中绝千年,空余《墨子》五十三篇和部分典外文献,故能据以推测其宗教思想尤其是宗教形态之资料十分有限。然“天志”“明鬼”诚为墨学十论之两大教义,亦是构成墨家作为先秦时代最具宗教根性之思想学派的重要部分。故仍有不少当代学者用力于相关方面之查考和推测,相关学术成果散见于各类专书和专文之中。笔者择要论述前人之研究,衡其长处,指出不足,再给予自己的评价。

The research on the religious thoughts and forms of Mohism is still a branch in the field of Mohism.Because of Mohism has ever existed for thousands of years,there are fifty-three pieces of MoZi and some non-classical documents.Therefore,it can be inferred that there is extraordinarily limited information on his religious thought,especially religious form.However,"Tianzhi"and"Minggui"are the two major doctrines of The Ten Theories of Mohism,and also constitute an significant part of Mohism as the most religion-rooted school of thought in the pre-Qin era.As a result,there are still numerous contemporary scholars who devote themselves to the investigation and speculation in this field,and the relevant academic achievements are scattered in various books and articles.Therefore,the author chooses to discuss the previous research,balances their strengths,points out shortcomings,and then gives his own evaluations.