南京城市职业女性二胎生育意愿调查及影响因素分析

Investigation and analysis of influencing factors on the second child intention of professional women

目的:调查职业女性的二胎生育意愿并分析其影响因素。方法:采用简单随机抽样法,抽取2019年6月—2020年6月南京市主城区育龄职业女性451名作为调查对象,通过发放调查问卷了解其二胎生育意愿、个人及家庭情况,分析影响二胎生育意愿的相关因素。结果:被调查职业女性中69.8%有二胎生育意愿,其中年龄40~49岁(50.9%)、未婚未育(40.6%)、看重职业发展(50.0%)、家庭年收入<10万元(57.1%)占比相对较低,而家人很赞同(85.1%)、有老人帮忙照看孩子(73.7%)占比较高(均P<0.05);而不同户籍、文化程度、是否独生子女、单位性质、工作年限、工作时长、身体状况、头胎性别、头胎身体状况等,以及是否与配偶同住、是否与父母同住、有无老人需要照顾、是否有学区房等在生育意愿上未见差异(P>0.05)。愿意生育二胎的原因主要为"两个孩子陪伴成长"(22.0%),其次为"增加养老保障"(16.0%)和"情感满足"(15.7%),不想生育二胎的原因主要为"加重经济负担"(55.0%)、"影响职业发展"(22.0%)和"加重身心压力"(11.1%)。多因素分析显示,年龄、婚育情况、职业发展期待、家庭年收入、有无老人帮忙照看孩子、家人态度均是影响职业女性二胎生育意愿的重要因素(均P<0.05)。结论:南京市职业女性普遍有着较强烈的二胎生育意愿,对二孩无明显性别偏好,年龄、家庭成员态度、经济条件、职业发展期待等是影响职业女性二胎生育意愿的主要因素。

Objective: To investigate the second birth intention of professional women, and to analyze its influencing factors. Methods: A total of 451 professional women of childbearing age in Nanjing city were selected by simple random sampling method, and the related factors influencing their second child intention, personal information, and family status were analyzed by questionnaire. Results: 69.8% of the surveyed professional women wanted the second child. For the women who wanted the second child, the women had accounted for a relatively low proportion, which included the women with 40-49 years old(50.9%), unmarried and childless women(40.6%), the women focused on their career development(50.0%), and the women with family annual income less than 100,000 Yuan(57.1%), while the women with the supportive family members(85.1%) and the women helped to take care of the child by the elderly(73.7%) had accounted for high proportion(all P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the proportion of child-bearing willingness among the professional woman with different registered residence, educational level, whether only child, unit nature, years of occupation, working time, working hours, physical condition, the gender and physical condition of the first child, whether lived with the spouse, whether lived with the parents, whether an elderly need to care for, whether had a school district house(P>0.05). The main reasons of the professional women wanted to have the second child were the two children growing up with each other(22.0%), followed by increasing pension security(16.0%) and emotional satisfaction(15.7%), while the main reasons of the professional women unwanted to have the second child were increasing economic burden(55.0%), affecting career development(22.0%), and increasing physical and mental pressure(11.1%).Multivariate analysis showed that age,stats of marriage and childbearing,career development expectation,annual family income,whether the elderly help to take care of child,and the attitude of the family numbers were the important factors influencing the second child intention of professional women(all P<0.05).Conclusion:The professional women in Nanjing city generally have a strong desire to have the second child,and they have no obvious gender preference for the second child.Age,the attitude of family members,economic conditions,and career development expectation are the main factors influencing their second child birth intention.