论马克思对蒲鲁东的批判——基于《1857—1858年手稿》“货币章”的考察

Marx's Criticism of Proudhon——Based on the Investigation of"Money Chapter"in Manuscripts from 1857 to 1858

在《政治经济学批判(1857—1858年手稿)》“货币章”这一部分中,马克思对达里蒙、蒲鲁东等人的批判,一方面渊源于他同蒲鲁东的个人交往,以及贯穿他研究始终的同蒲鲁东及无政府主义的理论论战,另一方面也受到了1857—1858年世界经济危机,以及他这一时期对危机理论研究的影响。在此基础上,马克思在“货币章”当中进一步阐述了他的货币和价值理论,并试图在其中寻求资本主义社会的对抗性本质和危机的出路。此外,相比《哲学的贫困》,“货币章”中马克思对蒲鲁东的批判与对自身价值理论的阐释,都有了重要发展。关注这一文本中的理论批判和理论建构,对于重新思考马克思与其同时代其他社会主义理论之间异同具有一定意义。

In the part of Money or Simple Circulation in Grundrisse(Manuscripts of 1857-1858), Marx’s criticism of Darimon, Proudhon and others, was respectfully influenced by the theoretical debates with Proudhon, and his research on crisis theory during the period of the world economic crisis from 1857 to 1858. On this basis, Marx further elaborated his theory of Money or Simple Circulation and value in the chapter on money and tried to seek the antagonistic nature of capitalist society and the way out of crisis.In addition, compared with Poverty of Philosophy, the chapter on money is an important development in Marx’s criticism of Proudhon and his interpretation of his own theory of value. Focusing on the theoretical criticism and constructions in this text is of some significance in rethinking the similarities and differences between Marx and other socialist theories of his contemporaries.