民族共同体视域下的清代蒙古族少女形象--宣鼎小说《夜雨秋灯录》的复仇与报恩母题

The Image of Mongolian Girls in Qing Dynasty from the Perspective of National Community--The Revenge and Retribution Motif in Xuan Ding’s Novel“Ye Yu Qiu Deng Lu”

晚清宣鼎小说《夜雨秋灯录》写蒙古族少女龙梭三娘,因父遭陷流落江湖,得江翁助,与未婚夫团圆。三娘求助蒙古公主,为江翁之子脱罪。故事为多母题的分解与组合,女主人公能深谋远虑,运用蒙古语的语言技能,获公主信任。小说写她具有危机意识,关注外界信息,用心结识公主,而公主豪侠仗义助其实现正义复仇。龙梭三娘形象来自明代小说《西洋记》。龙梭意象带有女性意味,预示超凡化龙腾飞的命运。宣鼎小说具有文化融合中的人性(亲情、友情与同情心等)、伦理规则(血亲复仇、报恩诚信等)指向,彰显了个体生命存在状态与家国间的有机联系,在复仇(报恩)母题史上具有承先启后的意义,如跨域报家仇、入深山猎巨鸟怪兽以报恩等,是民国还珠楼主等武侠小说题材蓝本之一。小说跨民族、跨文化的侠义“共同体”精神书写,具有当代价值与意义。

Xuan Ding’s novel“Ye Yu Qiu Deng Lu”in the late Qing Dynasty wrote about the Mongolian girl Longsuo Sanniang.Because her father was trapped and she had a hard living,she was helped by Jiang Weng and reunited with her fiancé.Sanniang went outside to seek help from the Mongolian princess and exonerated Jiang Weng’s son.The story is a decomposition and combination of multiple motifs.Being foresighted,the heroine uses Mongolian language skills to gain trust of the Mongolian princess.The novel writes that she pays attention to outside information,and meticulously meets the princess,who is heroic and generous to help her achieve justice and revenge.The image of Longsuo Sanniang is mainly from the novel“Xi Yang Ji”in Ming Dynasty.The imagery of Longsuo is feminine,foretells that it will be otherworldly,as if the dragon is about to take off in a thunderstorm.Xuan Ding’s novels share the common orientation of humanity(family affection,friendship and sympathy,etc.)and ethical rules(revenge of blood relatives,honesty and good faith,etc.)in cultural integration;the organic connection between the existence of individual life and the family and country;the meaning of revenge(retribution)motif,such as seeking family revenge across regions,going into the mountains to hunt giant birds and monsters in return for gratitude,has become one of the motif blueprints of martial arts novels such as Huanzhu Louzhu.The spiritual writing of the novel’s cross-national and cross-cultural chivalrous“community”also has contemporary value and significance.