全球公域治理与人类命运共同体构建

The Common Interests of Mankind and the Construction of a Community of Shared Future for Mankind in the Governance of Global Commons

以人类共同利益的变化为标志,全球公域及其治理体系经历了四个发展阶段:在西班牙与葡萄牙主导的早期海洋治理阶段,人类共同利益处于缺失的状态;在海洋自由进入与主权封闭阶段,国家间共同利益的出现,向着全球公域中人类共同利益的形成迈出了坚实的一步;在全球公域扩展阶段,极地问题凸现了人类共同利益的亟需性;在全球治理阶段,人类共同利益在全球公域中得到进一步扩展,并内嵌于全球公域治理之中。尽管人类共同利益观念在全球公域治理中得到了长足发展,但全球公域治理依然面临困境,这种困境的背后是人类共同利益与国家利益之间的协调问题。人类命运共同体思想为协调人类共同利益与国家利益,并最终为构建全球公域人类命运共同体、增进人类共同利益的实现提供了新的路径:首先应降低目前大国之间在公域领域的权力斗争势态,将国际组织建设成为全球公域治理体系稳定的决定性因素;其次应通过强调共同利益,寻求新的全球公域治理路径;再次,应构建公域治理的责任共同体,促使民族国家及其公民的全球主义转向;最后,迈向“人类公域”这一全球公域治理体系的理想图景。

The development of the common interests of mankind(CIM)in the global commons(GC)and its governance system has gone through four stages.During the early stage of ocean governance led by Spain and Portugal,there were practically no CIM.In an era that saw the transition from free access to the ocean to a closed system of sovereign states,common interests among countries began to emerge,laying a solid foundation for the formation of the CIM in the GC.In the era of the GC expansion,issues surrounding the polar regions highlight the urgency of the CIM.In the era of global governance,the CIM have further expanded and become embedded in the governance of the GC.Despite progress the CIM concept has made in the governance of the GC,global governance still faces challenges due to the difficulty in trying to coordinate between the CIM and national interests.The vision of“A community of a Shared Future for Mankind”(CSFM)provides a new way to facilitate such coordination,to build a community of shared future in the GC,and to promote the realization of the CIM.First,we should reduce the power struggle among great powers in the GC,and make international organizations a decisive force for stability in the GC governance system.Second,we should seek a new path of governance of the GC by emphasizing the CIM.Third,we should build a responsible GC community,and encourage nations and their citizens to embrace globalism.Finally,we should work towards the ideal of turning global commons into“human commons”.