氮钾配施对扬农啤7号籽粒产量与麦芽品质的影响

Effect of Nitrogen and Potassium Application on Grain Yield and Malt Quality of Yangnongpi 7

为了解氮、钾肥施用量及配比对啤酒大麦产量和品质的影响,以啤酒大麦品种扬农啤7号为材料,测定并分析了氮、钾肥配施对籽粒产量、蛋白质含量及麦芽品质的影响。结果表明,扬农啤7号的籽粒产量和蛋白质含量及麦芽品质性状在氮肥施用量间的差异均显著(P<0.05);随着氮肥施用量的增加,籽粒产量、蛋白质含量和麦芽α-氨基氮含量、糖化力呈增加趋势,麦芽脆度、浸出率及库尔巴哈值呈降低趋势;在相同氮水平下,钾肥施用量对扬农啤7号籽粒产量、蛋白质含量及麦芽品质性状有一定影响,但无规律。除2017—2018年度的籽粒蛋白质含量与千粒重呈极显著(P<0.01)负相关外,籽粒蛋白质含量与产量及其构成要素间均呈显著或极显著正相关;穗粒数、穗数及籽粒产量与麦芽α-氨基氮含量及糖化力呈极显著正相关,与麦芽浸出率及库尔巴哈值呈极显著负相关。氮肥水平太高导致扬农啤7号品质下降,兼顾高产与优质,扬农啤7号高产优质的氮、钾肥配施技术为:氮肥150 kg·hm^(-2),基肥∶拔节肥∶孕穗肥=4∶4∶2;钾肥150 kg·hm^(-2),作基肥一次性施用。

In order to understand the effect of the amount and proportion of nitrogen and potash fertilizers on the yield and quality of malting barley,the malting barley variety Yangnongpi 7 was utilized to investigate the effects of different combinations of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer on the grain yield,protein content and malt quality.The results showed that application of nitrogen fertilizer had a significant effect on grain yield,protein content and malt quality.As the amount of nitrogen fertilizer increased,the grain yield and protein content,maltαamino nitrogen and diastatic power showed an increasing trend,while the malt brittleness,malt extract and Kulbach index showed a decreasing trend.Under the same nitrogen level,the amount of potash fertilizer had a certain effect on grain yield,protein content and malt quality of Yangnongpi 7,but it was irregular.Except for the significant negative correlation between grain protein content and 1000-grain weight(P<0.01)in 2017-2018,there was significant positive correlation between grain protein content and yield and its components.The grain yield,number of spikes and number of grains per spike were significantly correlated with maltαamino nitrogen content and diastatic power in a positive pattern,while were significantly correlated with malt extract and Kulbach index in a negative pattern.Superabundant nitrogen fertilizer led to the decline of the quality of Yangnongpi 7.Taking both high yield and high quality into account,the best fertilizer application for Yangnongpi 7 is suggested as nitrogen fertilizer level 150 kg·hm^(-2),base fertilizer∶jointing fertilizer∶booting fertilizer=4∶4∶2,and potash fertilizer level 150 kg·hm^(-2),used as base fertilizer for one-time application.