新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情的应对政策及评估体系研究

The research of policy responses to COVID-19 and effectiveness evaluation

截至2021年2月,新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情已经在全球近200个国家和地区造成超1亿人感染,累计超200万例死亡。各国政府、企业、民间组织和家庭个人,根据各自治理模式、经济机制、社会环境及生活方式,纷纷采取相应对策,减少病毒的传播和危害。回顾了人类历史上重大突发公共卫生事件,介绍了世界各国应对突发公共卫生事件的相关政策及评估体系;分析应对突发公共卫生事件的亚洲模式、欧美模式和中国模式特点;总结了应对COVID-19疫情政策建议与实施技术指标,内容涵盖公众保护与防疫、交通和旅行、信息跟踪和病毒检查、个人防护和隔离、经济资助和社会帮扶,包含5大指标及15个子要素的疫情应对政策评估体系。

As of February 2021,the COVID-19 epidemic outbreak has been spreading across nearly 200 countries,causing over 100 million people infected and over 2 million people dead.The governments,private businesses,non-profit organizations,families and individuals in different countries have implemented various policies and strategies to minimize COVID-19 impacts according to their governance mechanisms,economic structures,social systems,and lifestyles.This paper briefly reviews the major epidemics in human history and introduces policy responses to COVID-19 and effectiveness evaluations taken by individual countries.After analyzing policy responses and categorizing them into Asia mode,Western mode and China mode,we summarize a package of policy measures and implement standards,including public protection and epidemic prevention,transportation and travel management,information track and virus detection,personal prevention and quarantine,financial aid and social support.The effectiveness evaluation system comprises 5 indexes and 15 elements.This paper provides suggestions for decision makers and the general public in concerted efforts to overcome COVID-19 and facilitates growth of the community of shared future in public health.