牧草在重金属污染土壤治理中的修复和综合利用潜力

Forage Grass for Phytoremediation of Heavy Metal Polluted Soils and the Potential for Its Comprehensive Utilization:A Review

牧草易栽培,生物量大,产量高,在重金属污染土壤治理中具有良好的应用前景,既可作为农业生产的低积累饲用牧草,也可为重金属污染土壤修复提供高积累植物,是生物质能源植物和污染土壤修复的重要植物。综述了牧草在重金属污染土壤治理中的优势、积累特征、响应机制及主要牧草在重金属污染土壤治理中的应用和效益评估。分析了我国已发现的具有重金属污染土壤修复潜力的禾本科和豆科优良牧草类植物,对牧草吸收积累重金属的品种差异、单一/复合金属胁迫下牧草的响应及其机制等研究现状进行阐述,以期为利用牧草进行重金属污染土壤的治理和综合利用提供理论基础和实践参考。

Forages are easy to cultivate and have high biomass and high yields,which endows its broad application prospect in heavy metal-contaminated soil.Forages are available as both low-accumulation for feed or high-accumulation for phytoremediation.Meanwhile,forages are also important plants for biomass energy and soil pollution remediation.The advantages,accumulation characteristics,response mechanism of forages in the treatment of heavy metal contaminated soil,and the application and benefit evaluation of main forage grasses in the treatment of heavy metal contaminated soil were reviewed.The excellent forage species of Gramineae and Leguminosae with potential for remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils in China were identified and analyzed.The varietal differences on absorbing and accumulating heavy metals,the response and mechanism of forage under single/compound metal stress were also described.The review is intented to provide theoretical basis and practical reference for the treatment of heavy metal contaminated soil by forages and the comprehensive utilization of the forages.