性格现象学的问题与可能

The Problems and Possibility of the Phenomenology of Character

普凡德尔的性格学研究是否可以被称作“性格现象学”?名称问题当然只是次要的问题,在这里主要是关系并取决于首要的方法问题,即普凡德尔在他的性格研究和性格分析中使用的手段是否属于现象学的方法。这里可以给出一个初步的回答:如果意识现象学的方法由两方面构成:作为超越论还原的反思和作为本质还原的本质直观,那么普凡德尔的性格学研究的基础部分毫无疑问首先是本质的、理论的心理学意义上的“性格现象学”,接下来才可能是他所说的“性格价值论”和“性格法则学”。而且他的性格学也有别于实验心理学和心理分析及其实验观察方式,因为普凡德尔的性格研究主要是在对本己主体的反思和对他人主体的同感理解中进行的。

Can Alexander Pfänder’s studies of character be called the phenomenology of character?Of course,naming is secondary to and determined by the methods,namely,the question lies in whether or not the methods that Pfänder employed in his studies and analyses of character belong to phenomenological methodology.Here I can give a preliminary answer:if the methods of the phenomenology of consciousness consist of two aspects,namely,reflection as the transcendental reduction and eidetic intuition as the eidetic reduction,then the foundational part of Pfänder’s studies of character is undoubtedly first and foremost the“phenomenology of character”in the sense of eidetic and theoretical psychology.Secondary to it may be the“axiology of character”and“nomology of character”in his terminology.Moreover,his studies of character also differ from experimental psychology and psychoanalysis with its modes of experimental observation in that his studies as such are mainly performed in the reflection on the own subject and the empathetic understanding of other subjects.