中国建筑部门实现碳中和的路径

Paths to carbon neutrality in China’s building sector

建筑部门是能源消费的三大领域(工业、交通、建筑)之一,也是造成直接和间接碳排放的主要责任领域之一。在2030年之前力争实现碳达峰,2060年实现碳中和,这是中央对我国低碳发展给出的明确目标和时间表。中国建筑部门实现碳中和意味着零排放,指的是建筑部门相关活动导致的二氧化碳排放量和同样影响气候变化的其他温室气体的排放量都为零。针对我国建筑部门的运行直接碳排放、运行间接碳排放、建造和维修导致的间接碳排放及运行导致的非二氧化碳类温室气体排放进行了分析,指出了我国建筑领域碳排放的现状水平、主要来源、减排关键问题和实现零排放的路径与关键技术。指出"生态文明的发展理念是实现碳中和的基础",并给出了我国实现建筑部门碳中和的四个主要任务:取消直接碳排放,协助减少电力和热力使用导致的间接碳排放,减少建造和维修用材的生产和运输导致的碳排放,以及避免建筑空调制冷系统使用中非二氧化碳类温室气体的排放,应该促进这四个领域的革命性变化和关键低碳技术的应用,通过碳中和目标的实现来推动我国建筑行业的技术进步和跨越式发展。

The building sector is one of the three major sectors of energy consumption(industry,transportation and building),and one of the main areas of responsibility for direct and indirect carbon emissions.Strive to achieve carbon emission peaks by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060,this is a clear goal and timetable set by Chinese government on low carbon development.Carbon neutrality in building sector means zero emissions,which means that the carbon dioxide emissions and other greenhouse gas emissions caused by activities in building sector equal to zero.Analyses the direct emissions of building operation phase,indirect emissions of building operation phase,indirect emissions of building construction and maintenance phase and non-CO2 greenhouse gas emissions of building operation phase in China.Points out the current status,main sources and key issues of building sector’s emission,and finally provides paths and key technologies to achieve zero carbon in China’s building sector.Emphasizes that"the development concept of ecological civilization is the basis for achieving carbon neutrality",and indicates four major tasks for China to achieve carbon neutrality in the building sector:eliminate direct carbon emissions,contribute to reduce indirect emission from electricity and heat supply,reduce emission from construction material production and transportation,and prevent refrigerant leakage from building cooling systems.The revolutionary changes in these four fields and the application of key low-carbon technologies should be promoted,and the technological progress and leapfrog development of China’s construction industry should be promoted through the realization of the carbon neutrality goal.