夜晚的相宜与紧张:影戏与明清以降传统社会的时间管理

The Suitability and Tension of the Night:the Shadow Plays and Time Management in Traditional Society since Ming and Qing Dynasties

在中国传统社会,影戏借光树影,多于夜晚演出,主要归为夜戏之列。影戏夜演虽合其宜,但却与"日出而作,日落而息"的传统时间管理体制相冲突,因此,影戏常常与夜戏一道被禁演或者边缘化,进而深刻影响到其演出生态、组织形式与发展历程,甚至是其行业记忆等民俗内容。明清以降直至民国时期,在相宜与紧张的特殊时间逻辑中,影戏较多重塑了传统社会的大众文化,对传统时间管理体制进行着一定程度的补充与丰富。

In Chinese traditional society,making use of natural light,trees and shadows,the Shadow Plays were ordinarily performed at night,and mainly classified as night-time drama.The concept of the time management system in traditional society can be summarized as"To work at sunrise and to rest at sunset",and it was in contradiction with the shadow plays at night.As a result,shadow plays used to be banned or marginalized together with other night-time dramas,which profoundly affected its performance environment,organizational form and development,and even its folk content such as its industry memory.From the Ming and Qing Dynasties to the Republic of China,in the special time logic of suitability and tension,shadow plays reshaped the popular culture of traditional society and made a certain degree of complement and enrichment to the traditional time management system.