生育政策包容性:理论基础、基本意涵与行动策略

Inclusive Childbearing and Childrearing Policy:Concepts,Contents and Strategies

生育政策包容性的提出,是人口大变局的必然要求。本文探讨了生育政策包容性的理论基础、基本意涵和落地路径。结果发现,生育政策包容性与西方社会基于社会统合提出的包容性社会政策在诸多方面有同有异,更与部分欧洲国家推行的家庭育儿友好/支持政策异曲同工。生育政策包容性具有理念的开放性、时间的全程性、内涵的全局性、视角的前瞻性和目标的均衡性“五大内核”,涵盖孕育、生育、养育、教育等连续但互有交叉的“四大阶段”,需要时间、经济、服务、就业“四大支柱”的支撑,以及友好社会氛围的助力。增强生育政策包容性,必须关注其多重属性,尊重生育行为的多样化,通过对生育全过程的支持,优化生育政策,提升生育意愿,改善人口素质,助推人口长期均衡发展,以及人口与经济、社会协调发展。

The proposal of inclusive childbearing and childrearing policy is the inevitable demand of the subversive change of population age structure.This paper explores the basic meaning and implementation methods of inclusive policy.It has been found that the inclusiveness of childbearing and childrearing policy is rather different from the inclusive social policy based on social integration proposed by western society in many aspects,but it is similar to the family friendly/support policy implemented by some European countries.The inclusiveness of childbearing and childrearing policy is characterized by“five pillars”(i.e.,the openness of fertility norms,the entire process of childbearing and childrearing from marriage to child education,multiple dimensions of childbearing and childrearing,the foresight of development goals and balanced development),“four stages”(i.e.,whole process from pregnancy,delivery,childrearing and child education),and“five core contents”(i.e.,support of time,money,service,work and family balance,and childrearing-friendly environment).In order to enhance the inclusiveness of childbearing and childrearing policy,it is necessary to pay attention to its multiple attributes,optimize childbearing and childrearing policy,enhance fertility desires,and improve population quality,so as to boost long-term balanced development of population and coordinated socioeconomic development.