乌梁素海浮游植物污染指示种及水质评价

Pollution indicator species and evaluation of water quality in Wuliangsuhai Lake

为了研究内蒙古乌梁素海湖泊水体污染程度,在乌梁素海水域设置12个采样点,于2016年4月至11月期间,每月的第一周对乌梁素海湖浮游植物进行采样调查,在实验室鉴定浮游植物种类,然后通过计算浮游植物污染生物指数方法,分析湖泊水体污染状况。结果显示,实验室内通过镜检共鉴定测出浮游植物种类161种(包含6种变种),属于6门57属,其中以绿藻门种类数最多(60种),其次为硅藻门(48种)、蓝藻门(37种)和裸藻门(13种)。乌梁素海常见污染指示种为58种,其中在群落中呈优势的物种有梅尼小环藻(Cyclotella meneghiniana)、四尾栅藻(Scenedesmus quadricauda)、弯曲栅藻(Scenedesmus arcuatus)、微小平裂藻(Merismopedia tenuissima)、点型平裂藻(Merismopedia punctata)、小空星藻(Coelastrum microporum)、细小隐球藻(Aphanocapsa elachista)、居氏腔球藻(Coelosphaerium kuetzingianum)、铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)。乌梁素海湖泊浮游植物污染生物指数(SI)平均值为2.55(当2.5<SI≤3.5时,为重度污染),说明乌梁素海水体处于重度污染状态。

In order to study the pollution degree of Wuliangsuhai Lake,Inner Mongolia,12 sampling points were set in the water area of Wuliangsuhai Lake.From April to November 2016,in the first week of each month,phytoplankton samples were collected and investigated in Wuliangsuhai Lake.Phytoplankton species were identified in the laboratory.Then,the pollution status of lake water was analyzed by calculating phytoplankton pollution biological index.The results showed that a total of 161 species(including 6 varieties)of phytoplankton were identified by microscopic examination in the laboratory,belonging to 6 phyla,57 genera,of which chlorophyta had the most species(60 species),followed by Chlorophyta(48 species),Cyanophyta(37 species)and Euglenophyta(13 species).There were 58 common pollution indicator species in Wuliangsuhai Lake,which of them were dominant species,such as Cyclotella meneghiniana,Scenedesmus quadricauda,Scenedesmus arcuatus,Merismopedia tenuissima,Merismopedia punctate,Coelastrum microporum,Aphanocapsa elachista,Coelosphaerium kuetzingianum,Microcystis aeruginosa.The average value of phytoplankton pollution index was 2.55 in Wuliangsuhai Lake(when 2.5<SI≤3.5,the lake was heavily pollution),indicating that the water body of Wuliangsuhai Lake was heavily pollution.