北京市昌平区布鲁氏菌病监测分析

Analysis of brucellosis surveillance in Changping district of Beijing

目的了解2006—2019年北京市昌平区布鲁氏菌病发病特征,为制定布鲁氏菌病预防和控制措施提供依据。方法收集整理2006—2019年昌平区布鲁氏菌流行病学个案调查信息和重点行业人群血清学监测信息,采用描述流行病学方法分析数据。结果 2006—2019年昌平区共报告布鲁氏菌病患者90例,年发病率波动在0~1.3/10万;2—6月和12月为布鲁氏菌病发病高峰;男女性别比为3.3∶1,40~59岁组发病居多、占报告病例的62.3%,以农民和家务及待业人员为主、占报告病例的65.6%;感染动物以羊为主、占87.8%,在养殖过程中感染占47.8%;共采集重点行业人员静脉血样2 505份,阳性64份、阳性率2.6%,年阳性率呈先升后降趋势,2015年阳性率最高为10.5%。结论昌平区人间布鲁氏菌病疫情处于散发状态,感染与牛羊养殖密切相关;应继续做好疫情监测,加强养殖人员健康教育,改变不利于健康的传统生产、生活方式,自觉采取有效措施,预防并减少布鲁氏菌病的危害。

Objective To understand the epidemic characteristics of brucellosis in Changping district of Beijing from 2006 to 2019, and provide basis for formulating the prevention and control measures of brucellosis. Methods The information of epidemiological survey of brucellosis case and the information of serum detection in the key industries population in Changping district from 2006 to 2019 were collected and sorted out, and analyzed with descriptive epidemiological method.Results There were 90 cases of brucellosis reported in Changping district from 2006 to 2019, with the annual incidence rates fluctuated from 0-1.3/100 000. The peak of onset occurred from February to June and in December. The gender ratio of the male to the female was 3.3∶1. The brucellosis cases aged 40-59 years were the dominant and accounted for 62.3%. Most cases were farmers, housework and unemployed persons, accounting for 65.6%. Sheep was the mainly infected animal and accounted for 87.8%. There were 47.8% of the cases infected in the feeding process. All 2 505 venous blood samples were collected from the key industry personnel, including 64 samples of positive with the positive rate of 2.6%. The annual positive rates showed the trend of increase at first and then decrease, with the highest positive rate of 10.5% in 2015.Conclusions The human brucellosis is sporadic and closely related to the feeding of cattle and sheep in Changping district.The surveillance of epidemic should be improved, and the health education should be strengthened in the cattle and sheep feeders to change the traditional and unhealthy production and life style, consciously carry out effective measures for preventing and reducing the harm of brucellosis.