草莓全程生产机械化技术与装备研究进展

Research Progress and Prospect of Strawberry Whole-process Farming Mechanization Technology and Equipment

草莓是普遍种植的高效经济作物,草莓的生产管理严重依赖大量人工的高强度作业,因此草莓生产机械化已成为国内外关注的重点。本文归纳阐述了全球草莓生产机械化技术与装备的研究现状,特别针对我国和欧美、日本等国家的草莓种植模式、种植规模和产业特点,对比分析了在草莓生产机械化发展上的差异,指出了各自草莓生产全程机械化的薄弱环节。针对我国草莓以设施种植为主、经营规模偏小、鲜食比例大、栽培模式和技术水平多样的现实基础,指出我国草莓种植装备与技术应向小型低成本、一机多能、绿色电动化、轻简智能化的方向发展,并对草莓种植装备技术与农艺深度融合、信息化、休闲化的未来发展趋势进行了展望。

Strawberry is one of the world s most widely distributed fruit plants,but its cultivation management relies heavily on a large number of labors and high-intensity operations,so the mechanization of strawberry cultivation has become one of the most important fields all over the world.The research status of strawberry production mechanization technology and equipment all over the world was introduced.In view of the differences of strawberry planting pattern,planting scale and industrial characteristics of China,United States,Europe and Japan,their differences in the development of strawberry production machinery were compared,and their respective weakness of strawberry mechanization was pointed out.And then,aiming at the realistic foundation of facilities strawberry cultivation in China,such as smaller planting scale,larger proportion of fresh-eating,diversified cultivation modes and technical levels,the development goals of strawberry planting equipment and technology in China,including small-type,low-cost,multi-functional,all-electrified,easy-operated and intelligent,were put forward.Finally,the development trend of deep integration of agronomy-machinery,informationization and leisurization of it was prospected.