新中国建筑史中的“乡土”观念探究以湖南韶山的三座纪念馆立面分析为例

Conceptualizing"Vernacular"in Chinese Modern Architectural History A Comparative Analysis of the Facades of Three Memorial Museums in Shaoshan,Hunan

作为毛泽东的故乡,韶山村在新中国成立后成为享誉全球的纪念地,政府于1964年、2008年、2013年在此先后营造了高级别的纪念馆建筑。通过对比这三座纪念馆的立面设计,文章讨论了新中国不同历史时期建筑师对乡土韶山的理解,管窥中国现代建筑史中乡土观念的变迁,并强调观念史研究中考察历史实践脉络的重要意义。

Shaoshan Village,Mao Zedong’s birthplace in Hunan,has been a well-known memorial site home and abroad since the People’s Republic of China was founded.Three memorial museums have been dedicated there consecutively in 1964,2008,and 2013.This article compares the facades of three architecture and discusses how they manifest varied understandings of Shaoshan’s vernacular builtenvironment.By doing so,this article reflects on the conceptions of"vernacular"in Chinese modern architectural history and argues that,for architectural scholars to study history of ideas,it is critical to first investigate the historical context of how people practiced those ideas.