中国基本公共服务效率与城镇化质量的时空耦合关系研究

Spatial-temporal Coupling Relationship Between Basic Public Service Efficiency and Urbanization Quality in China

以2007—2017年中国31个省区(未含港澳台地区)为研究对象,在厘清基本公共服务效率与城镇化质量耦合机理基础上,构建基本公共服务效率与城镇化质量评价指标体系,运用数据包络分析模型和熵值法测算基本公共服务效率与城镇化质量水平,运用耦合协调度模型和障碍度模型,分析两者耦合协调的时空特征及其主要障碍因子。结果表明:(1)中国基本公共服务效率具有相对起伏的动态变化特征,纯技术效率水平较高,规模效率水平较低,城镇化质量逐年递增但增速趋缓,子系统大小依次为人口城镇化>经济城镇化>生态城镇化>空间城镇化。(2)中国基本公共服务效率与城镇化质量耦合度以拮抗耦合阶段为主,协调度以勉强协调类型为主,呈现较为明显的非同步发展特征,广东耦合协调度最高,青海耦合协调度最低。(3)影响基本公共服务效率与城镇化质量耦合协调的前5位障碍指标是生活垃圾无害化处理率>建成区绿化覆盖率>城镇人口比重>人均社会保障支出>人均社会固定资产投资额,基本公共服务效率子系统的障碍度明显高于城镇化质量子系统障碍度。

Taking 31 provinces(not including Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) in China in 2007-2017 as the research object, on the basis of clarifying the coupling mechanism of basic public service efficiency and urbanization quality, this article constructs the evaluation index system of basic public service efficiency and urbanization quality. The data envelopment analysis model and entropy method are used to measure the basic public service efficiency and the urbanization quality. The coupling coordination degree model and the obstacle degree model are used to analyze the spatial-temporal characteristics and main obstacle factors of the coupling coordination. The results show that: (1) The basic public service efficiency presents a relatively fluctuating dynamic process, and the fluctuation range of comprehensive efficiency is the largest, the change range of pure technical efficiency is the smallest and the level is the highest, the change trend of scale efficiency is consistent with the comprehensive efficiency, and the level is the lowest. The spatial differentiation characteristics are not obvious in China. The urbanization quality increases year by year, but the growth rate slows down. The size of the subsystem is population urbanization, economic urbanization, ecological urbanization and space urbanization in turn. The urbanization quality of Guangdong Province is the highest, and that of Qinghai Province is the lowest. (2) The coupling degree between basic public service efficiency and urbanization quality in China is mainly in the antagonistic coupling stage, and the coordination degree is mainly in the reluctant coordination type, showing obvious non synchronous development characteristics. Guangdong has the highest coupling coordination and Qinghai has the lowest coupling coordination. (3) The first five obstacle indicators affecting the coupling coordination between basic public service efficiency and urbanization quality are harmless treatment rate of domestic waste>green coverage rate of built-up area>proportion of urban population>per capita social security expenditure>per capita social fixed asset investment. The barrier degree of basic public service efficiency is obviously higher than that of urbanization quality. Finally, the corresponding policy recommendations are put forward from three aspects.