上海市浦东新区一年级学生视力不良与用眼行为习惯关系

Association between vision impairment and eye-using habits of first-grade primary school students in Pudong New Area of Shanghai

目的探讨上海市浦东新区一年级学生视力不良与用眼行为习惯之间的关系,为小学生视力不良防治提供科学依据和对策。方法 2018年9—12月,采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,按照浦东新区地理区域分别抽取城区3所小学、城郊4所小学和郊区3所小学共1 882名一年级学生作为调查对象,进行视力监测和问卷调查。结果上海市浦东新区一年级学生视力不良率为30.57%(560/1 832),女生视力不良率为32.85%(273/831),高于男生的28.67%(287/1 001),男女生视力不良率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);城区学校学生视力不良率[44.49%(230/517)]>城郊[32.90%(227/690)]>郊区[16.48%(103/625)],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。单因素分析结果显示,读写姿势、天黑时在家读书写字用的灯光、是否经常揉眼睛、是否经常眯着眼睛看东西、平均每天放学后做作业时间、平均每天看电视时间和是否参加补习班可能对学生视力有影响,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,控制混杂因素后,不正确的读写姿势、同时使用台灯和屋顶灯、放学后作业时间≥1 h、平均每天看电视时间≥3 h、经常揉眼睛和经常眯着眼睛看东西是视力不良的危险因素。结论不良用眼行为与视力不良密切相关,应重视小学一年级学生近视眼的防控工作,及时纠正不良用眼习惯,减少近距离用眼时长,增加眼睛休息时间,切实减轻学生课外学习负担。

Objective To explore the association between vision impairment and eye-using habits of first-grade students in Pudong New Area of Shanghai,thus providing a scientific basis in controlling of vision impairment of primary school students. Methods From September to December of 2018,a total of 1 882 first-grade students were selected by a cluster random sampling method from three primary schools in urban district,four primary schools in rural-urban fringe zone and three primary schools in suburban district of Pudong New Area to conduct visual monitoring and questionnaire survey. Results The vision impairment rate was 30.57%(560/1 832) amon g first-grade students in Pudong New Area of Shanghai,and the vision impairment rate of girls(32.85%,273/831) was higher than that of boys(28.67%,287/1 001),but the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).The vision impairment rates ranked the following sequence: urban school students[44.49%(230/517)] > rural-urban fringe zone school students[32.90%(227/690)] > suburban school students[16.48%(103/625)],and the difference was statistically significant(P <0.05). Single factor analysis results showed that reading and writing posture,lamp for reading and writing at home in the dark,often rubbing your eyes,often squinting at things,time of homework every day,time of watching TV every day and attending cram school may have an impact on students’ eyesight,and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05). Multi-factor unconditioned logistic regression analysis results showed that after controlling confounding factors,the incorrect reading and writing posture,the use of roof lamp and desk lamp for reading and writing at home in the dark,spending more than 1 hour on homework,spending more than 3 hours on watching TV every day,often rubbing eyes and squinting at things were the risk factors for vision impairment. Conclusion The ill habit of using eyes is closely related to vision impairment. It is necessary to pay attention to prevention and control of myopia of first-grade students from primary school,correct the ill habit of using eyes,reduce the time of using eyes in close distance,increase the rest time of eyes,and effectively reduce the extracurricular learning burden of students.