大豆黄蓟马的生物学特性及危害特征研究

Study on Biological and Damage Characteristics of Thrips flavus on Soybean

为进一步明确黄蓟马在大豆寄主上的生物学特性,在人工饲养条件下,观察描述了黄蓟马各个虫态的形态特征、世代发育、主要习性及其对大豆植株的危害特征。结果表明:黄蓟马的变态类型属于过渐变态,整个发育期包括卵、若虫、伪蛹、蛹、成虫5个阶段。若虫2个龄期的体色和体长有明显差异。成、若虫主要在大豆叶片上取食为害,呈现出较明显的昼夜节律。以孤雌生殖为主,产卵于叶片组织内。在温度25±1℃条件下,以大豆为寄主的雌性个体从卵发育为成虫大约需要16 d左右。卵期为5.73±1.66 d,若虫期为4.85±1.25 d,伪蛹为1.10±0.48 d,蛹期为2.67±0.71 d,雌成虫寿命为11.43±4.66 d,雄成虫寿命为13.00±7.07 d,整个世代历期为25.80±0.89 d。

In order to define the biological characteristics of Thrips flavus(Thysanoptera:Thripidae)on soybean host plants,the detail morphological features,behavior habits and damaged symptoms were observed under the condition of artificial feeding with soybean leaves.The results showed that the metamorphosis type of T.flavus was hyperpauro metamorphosis.It had five stages(egg,nymph,pseudopupa,pupa,and adult).There were significant differences in body color and body length between the 1st and 2nd instar nymph.It was mainly parthenogenetic and laid eggs on leaf tissues.Moreover,adults and nymphs mainly feed with the soybean leaves that showed an obvious diurnal rhythm.Most of them were parthenogenetic and could lay up to 23 eggs per female.Under the temperature of 25±1℃,it took about 16 d for the female to develop from egg to adult on soybean.The egg,nymph,pseudopupa and pupa stage was 5.73±1.66,4.85±1.25,1.10±0.48 and 2.67±0.71 d.The female adult longevity was 11.43±4.66 d,and the male was 13.00±7.07 d.The whole generation duration was 25.80±0.89 d.These results can provide a basis for further research on its population monitoring and control technology.