多主体创新产出演化分析——生态关系和结构洞交互影响下

Analysis of the Evolution of Multi-agent Innovation Output:Under the Interactive Influence of Ecological Relations and Structural Holes

为帮助企业提高技术创新速度和分散技术创新风险以提升创新产出,结合生态学理论与结构洞理论,综合考虑创新系统中占据结构洞位置的中间主体和结构洞边缘主体的多样化生态关系、关系强度及差异化网络位置间的交互作用,构建多主体创新产出模型并仿真分析各主体创新产出的演化态势,并以索尼、爱立信、三星公司的专利数据为例进行实证分析。研究发现:竞争共存关系下边缘主体间传递的间接影响严重削弱中间主体的创新产出;寄生共生关系下边缘主体间传递的间接影响对各主体创新产出的作用效果存在较大差异:宿主的单向间接影响会促进寄生者发展,寄生者的单向间接影响会阻碍宿主发展,宿主和寄生者的双向间接影响会阻碍双方发展;互惠共生关系下边缘主体传递的间接影响显著推动双方创新产出,其中传递双向间接影响的促进作用明显强于传递单向间接影响。据此提出在创新生态系统中,中间主体应注重增强与合作伙伴的合作深度和广度,边缘主体应注意识别自身所扮演的生态角色,促进共生模式向互惠共生模式演化,增强技术创新资源整合及价值创造能力,以保证各方的技术创新能力持续提升。

In order to help enterprises increase the speed of technological innovation and disperse technological innovation risks to increase innovation output,combined with ecological theory and structural hole theory,comprehensively considering the diversified ecological relationship,relationship strength and differentiated network location interaction between the intermediate subject occupying the structural hole position and the structural hole edge subject,this paper constructs a multi-subject innovation output model and simulates the evolution of innovation output of each subject,further uses the patent data of Sony,Ericsson and Samsung as examples for empirical analysis.The study finds that the indirect influence transmitted between the edge subjects under the competitive coexistence relationship severely weakens the innovation output of the intermediate subjects;the indirect influence transmitted between the edge subjects under the parasitic symbiosis relationship has a large difference in the effect of the innovation output of each subject:the host’s one-way indirect influence will promote the development of the parasite,the one-way indirect influence of the parasite will hinder the development of the host,and the two-way indirect influence of the host and the parasite will hinder the development of both parties;the indirect influence transmitted by the edge subjects under the mutually beneficial symbiosis relationship significantly promotes the innovation of both parties,the promotion effect of transmitting two-way indirect influence is obviously stronger than transmitting one-way indirect influence.Based on the results,the paper proposes that in the innovation ecosystem,intermediate subjects should focus on enhancing the depth and breadth of cooperation with partners,and edge subjects should pay attention to identify their own ecological roles,promote the evolution of symbiosis models to mutually beneficial symbiosis models,and enhance technological innovation resource integration and value innovation capacity to ensure the continuous improvement of the technological innovation capabilities of all parties.