缅甸华语传承模式研究

A Study of the Model of Huayu Inheritance in Myanmar

缅甸华语传承模式有4个发展阶段,南北两条传承链。缅北为:顺外传内-完全传承→顺外传内-传承受阻→顺外传内-传承复苏;缅南为:顺外传内-完全传承→顺外弃内-传承中断→顺外拾内-传承复苏→顺外传内-传承复苏。缅甸华语传承模式、华人与主体民族的语势和语言-文化适应关系构成的三要素变迁系统,其发展趋势是:“顺外传内-传承复苏”模式是缅甸华语传承的历史选择,“外势大于内势”是缅甸华语语势的客观趋势,同化是华-缅族语言文化关系的发展走向。国家语言政策对跨境移民群体语言文化有制衡作用,甚至对其走向起决定作用;经济价值是永恒的变量,是激发新生代华人传承华语的最主要动力;跨境移民群体语言文化被同化是不可避免的,要及时抢救挖掘海外华语资源;华人处理好语言认同、民族认同、国家认同的关系,能为中缅搭起互信互助的桥梁。

Previous studies have identifi ed various models of Huayu inheritance among overseas Chinese and diff erent factors underlying these models.This study focuses on the model of Huayu inheritance in Myanmar,which is characterized by four development stages and two inheritance chains.Three elements constitute the changing system of Huayu inheritance model in Myanmar:the model of Huayu inheritance,the vitality of Burmese versus Chinese inside and outside Chinese families,and the lingua-cultural adaptation relationship.As far as its development trend is concerned,the model of“outward adaptation to the majority language and inward maintenance of the minority language”is the historical choice;the vitality of Burmese outweigh-ing that of Chinese is the trend,and the lingua-cultural development trend between Chinese and Burmese cultures is towards as-similation.The national language policy has a check and balance eff ect on the language and culture of cross-border immigrants,and it even plays a decisive role in their development trend.In addition,the economic value of Huayu is the main driving force for the new Chinese descendants to inherit Huayu.It is suggested that Chinese descendants should deal with the relationship of language identity,ethnic identity and national identity,thus building a bridge of mutual trust and assistance between China and Myanmar.