厨余垃圾好氧堆肥技术研究进展

Research Progress on Aerobic Composting Technology of Food Waste

随着中国垃圾分类政策的实施,分出量急剧增加的厨余垃圾迫切需要合适、高效的处理技术。首先对比了几种厨余垃圾处置方式,并综述了厨余垃圾好氧堆肥的影响因素、堆肥方式和腐殖质形成机理的研究进展,最后从政策管理和技术开发两方面对厨余垃圾好氧堆肥的未来发展进行展望。结果表明,好氧堆肥法其技术成熟、运行成本低并可获得有机肥料,成为厨余垃圾资源化处理适宜的技术之一。近些年的研究集中于高效添加剂、堆肥设备及腐殖质形成机理等方面。厨余垃圾好氧堆肥的处理速率与产品质量的提升,是实现厨余垃圾高效就地资源化处理的关键。未来应加强厨余垃圾回收管理、资金补贴政策改革、中小型好氧堆肥设备开发、高效工程菌剂驯化和腐殖化机理的研究。

With the implementation of China's waste classification policy,the sharply increasing amount of food waste is in urgent need of suitable and efficient treatment technology.First,several disposal patterns of food waste are compared.Then,influencing factors,composting methods and humic substance formation mechanism of aerobic composting of food waste are reviewed.Finally,the future development of aerobic composting of food waste is prospected from policy management and technology development.The results show that aerobic composting has become one of the appropriate resourceful treatment technologies of food waste due to its mature technology,low operating cost,and the availability of organic fertilizers.In recent years,research has focused on efficient additives,composting equipment,and the formation mechanism of humic substance and other aspects.The processing rate of aerobic composting and the improvement of product quality of food waste are the key to achieving efficient in situ resourceful treatment of food waste.In the future,it is necessary to strengthen the management of food waste recycling,the reform of financial subsidy policies,the development of small and medium-sized aerobic composting equipment,the domestication of high-efficiency engineering agents and the research on the mechanism of humification.