论恩格斯对早期资本主义生态批判的理论路向——重读《英国工人阶级状况》

On Engels’Theoretical Direction of Ecological Criticism of Early Capitalism——Rereading The Condition of the Working-Class in England

《英国工人阶级状况》既是世界社会主义文献的优秀著作,还是生态学领域中的先驱著作。在书中,恩格斯以具体真实的材料对早期资本主义社会生态状况进行了全面批判,其基本的理论路向是:以阐述早期资本主义社会显现的生态危机为理论起点,并从制度、阶级、工业化及城市化等方面揭示资本主义生态危机产生的原因,进而指出所有问题的根源在于资本主义私有制。因此,其理论出路是,只有通过启发工人阶级的觉悟,变革资本主义生产方式、消灭资本主义私有制才能在共产主义生态文明中实现人与自然的"双重解放",从而使生态危机得到根本解决。

The Condition of the Working-Class in England is not only an excellent work of world socialist literature,but also a pioneer work in the field of ecology.In the book,Engels comprehensively criticized the ecological situation of early capitalist society with concrete and real materials.His basic theoretical direction is to expound the ecological crisis in the early capitalist society as the theoretical starting point,and reveal the causes of capitalist ecological crisis from the aspects of system,class,industrialization and urbanization,and then point out the essence of all the problems lies in capitalist private ownership.Therefore,the theoretical outlet is that only by inspiring the consciousness of the working class,changing the capitalist mode of production and eliminating the capitalist private ownership,can the"double liberation"of man and nature be realized in the Communist ecological civilization,and the ecological crisis can be fundamentally solved.