社会支持、退役准备与运动员退役应对积极性

Social Support,Retirement Preparation and Athletes’Retirement Coping Initiative

研究以社会支持理论和退役过程理论为基础,从社会支持的3个维度分析其对我国专业运动员退役应对积极性的影响,并从不同等级运动员群体的异质性和退役准备的调节作用两个角度深入探讨社会支持对运动员退役应对积极性的作用机制。研究发现:家庭支持、同伴支持与运动队支持是社会支持的3个主要支持维度,共同促进运动员退役后的应对积极性;在不同运动等级运动员中,运动队支持及家庭和同伴支持对其退役应对积极性的影响是不同的;退役准备在家庭支持与同伴支持影响运动员退役应对积极性的过程中具有调节效应。实证结果支持以下结论:家庭支持、同伴支持以及运动队支持是运动员退役过程中增强运动员职业转换的自信心的必要条件;增强对运动员能力的培养、加强运动队对中等水平运动员的关注与心理情感建立,是提升运动员的劳动力价值的必要措施;退役准备在退役期间作用明显,其积极主动地迎合职业发展需求的退役意识显著增强了运动员与社会的链接,可实现运动员退役期的平稳过渡。

Based on the social support theory and retirement process theory,this study analyzes the influence of social support on athletes’retirement coping initiative in China from three dimensions,and further discusses the mechanism of social support on athletes’retirement coping initiative from two perspectives:the heterogeneity of different levels of athletes and the moderating role of retirement preparation.The results show that family support,peer support and sports team support are the three main dimensions of social support,which jointly promote the coping initiative of athletes after retirement;the influence of sports team support,family support and peer support on athletes’retirement coping initiative differs among different levels of athletes.Retirement preparation has a moderating effect on the process of family support and peer support affecting athletes’coping initiative.The empirical results support the following conclusions:family support,peer support and sports team support are necessary to enhance the self-confidence of athletes’career transition in the process of their retirement;enhancing the cultivation of athletes’ability and sports teams paying more attention to middle-level athletes and their psychological and emotional status are the necessary measures to enhance the labor force value of athletes;and the retirement preparation plays an significant role during retirement.The positive retirement consciousness greatly strengthens the link between athletes and society,which helps achieve smooth transition of athletes’retirement.