益生菌与口腔微生态调控的研究进展

Probiotics and regulation of oral microecology: a review

口腔疾病的发生和发展与口腔微生物群落的失衡密切相关。益生菌是一类对人体健康有益的活的微生物,主要通过分泌抗菌物质、与致病菌竞争性定殖、调节毒力相关基因表达、调节宿主免疫反应、调节氧化应激反应、参与硝酸盐—亚硝酸盐—一氧化氮代谢循环通路、调整生物膜pH值等过程发挥其益生效能。研究发现,益生菌疗法能够降低龋齿的风险、改善牙周状况、提高口腔黏膜病的治疗效果,有望成为防治口腔疾病的潜在途径。本文就近年来益生菌与口腔微生态调控相关的研究情况做一综述。

It has been unequivocally proved that the occurrence and development of oral diseases are strongly associated with the imbalance of oral microbiota. Probiotics are live microorganisms that confer health benefits on the host, which exert the probiotic efficacy by the process of secreting antibacterial substances, interfering with the colonization of pathogenic bacteria, modulating the expression of virulence-associated genes, modulating host immune responses, regulating oxidative stress response, involving nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway, and adjusting the pH value of biofilms. Studies have found that probiotic therapy could reduce the risk of dental caries, promote the periodontal status, and improve the therapeutic effect of oral mucosal diseases, which is expected to be the potential way to prevent and treat oral diseases. This article reviews the researches progress on the relationship between probiotics and oral microecological regulation in recent years.