适宜与香蕉轮作防控枯萎病的蔬菜品种初步筛选

Preliminary Screening of Vegetable Varieties Suitable for Rotation to Prevent and Control Banana Fusarium Wilt

香蕉枯萎病发生普遍,危害巨大,选择合理的轮作作物对该病防控意义重大。本研究在25个蔬菜品种接种香蕉枯萎病菌4号生理小种(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense,Foc 4)后,调查Foc 4对不同种蔬菜的致病性,测定不同时期蔬菜根际土壤中香蕉枯萎病菌的数量;通过菌丝生长速率法和孢子萌发法,测定不同蔬菜根系的水浸提液对Foc 4菌丝生长和孢子萌发的抑制作用,筛选适合与香蕉轮作的蔬菜品种,探索轮作防病的机理。结果表明,所调查的25个蔬菜品种在接种Foc 4后根系发育正常,长势良好。除甘蓝和冬瓜外,其余23个蔬菜品种对Foc 4都没有富集作用。种植大多数蔬菜后,土壤中的尖孢镰孢菌(Fusarium oxysporum)数量呈不同程度的下降趋势,尤其是蒜、香葱、韭菜、香芹、芫茜的根际土壤带菌量大大低于对照土样的带菌量,其次是南瓜、苦瓜、茄子、辣椒、菜豆、萝卜等蔬菜。研究9种蔬菜根系水浸提液对Foc 4生长的影响表明:9种蔬菜根系水浸提液对Foc 4菌丝生长和孢子萌发有不同程度的抑制作用,但浸提液对病菌菌丝生长的抑制效果并不因处理时间的延长而增加。第6天测定时显示,不同蔬菜根系水浸提液对病原菌生长抑制的作用表现为:韭菜>香葱>香芹>大肉西蒜>芫茜>南瓜>朝天椒>苦瓜;当测定时间为16 h时,蔬菜根系水浸提液对孢子萌发的抑制效果表现为:韭菜>香葱>香芹>芫茜>朝天椒>南瓜>苦瓜>大肉西蒜>紫长茄。9种蔬菜中,韭菜根系水浸提液对病菌的抑制效果最好,其抑制率、敏感度都明显优于其他蔬菜;香葱根系分泌物表现出良好的抑菌作用,仅次于韭菜;香芹及芫茜也具有一定的抑菌效果。本试验为筛选适合与香蕉轮作的蔬菜品种提供了依据。

Fusarium wilt of banana is widely spreaded and extremely harmful.The selection of suitable rotation crop was of great significance to the prevention and control of this disease.In this paper,25 vegetable varieties were inoculated with the pathogen of banana Fusarium wilt(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense,Foc 4)to investigate the pathogenicity of Foc 4 to different kinds of vegetables,and the number of Foc 4 in vegetable rhizosphere soil was measured at different periods.In addition,through the method of mycelium growth rate and spore germination,the inhibition effects of 9 different vegetable root water extracts on the mycelium growth and spore germination of Foc 4 was measured.The vegetable varieties suitable for rotation to prevent and control banana Fusarium wilt were selected,and the mechanism of this rotation was explored.The results showed that none of the 25 vegetable varieties were infected by Foc 4,the root system of the vegetables developed normally and grew well.23 vegetable varieties had no enrichment effect on Foc 4 except cabbage and wax gourd.The number of Foc 4 in the soil decreased after planting most of vegetables,especially in the soil of garlic,onion,leek,parsley and coriander,which was much lower than that of the control soil,followed by pumpkin,bitter melon,eggplant,pepper,string bean and radish,etc.Antifungal experiment showed that 9 vegetables root extracts had inhibitory effects on the growth of mycelia and spore germination of Foc 4,but the inhibitory effects didn’t increase with the extension of treatment time.On the 6th day,the inhibitory effect of different vegetable roots on the growth of pathogen was as follows:Chinese chives>chives>chinese celery>western garlic>coriander>pumpkin>pod pepper>bitter melon.When the treatment time was 16 h,the inhibition effect on spore germination was shown as follows:Chinese chives>chives>chinese celery>coriander>pod pepper>pumpkin>bitter melon>western garlic>purple eggplant.Among the 9 plants,Chinese chives root extract had the best inhibition effect on Foc 4,and the second was chives.Chinese celery and coriander were also effective in fungi inhibition.This paper would provide a reference for selecting vegetable varieties suitable for banana rotation.