饲粮中添加不同生长期山野豌豆缩合单宁对延边黄牛瘤胃微生物发酵特性的影响

Effects of Condensed Tannins from Vicia amoena Fisch at Different Growth Stages on Rumen Microbial Fermentation Characteristics of Yanbian Yellow Cattle

试验通过研究不同生长时期山野豌豆(Vicia amoena Fisch)的缩合单宁(condensed tan⁃nins,CT)对延边黄牛瘤胃微生物发酵特性的影响来评估山野豌豆缩合单宁的生产应用价值。选取9头体况良好、体重500 kg左右,装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的延边黄牛为试验动物,采用单因子试验设计,将9头试验牛随机分为3组,每组3头牛。分别在山野豌豆初花期和盛花期采样,并对不同生长期山野豌豆中缩合单宁的含量进行测定。饲粮中不添加山野豌豆缩合单宁提取物的为对照组,添加了1%初花期山野豌豆缩合单宁提取物的为初花期组,添加了1%盛花期山野豌豆缩合单宁提取物的为盛花期组。试验持续35 d,其中预试期15 d,正试期20 d。正试期第20 d饲喂前、饲喂后1、3、6、9 h采集瘤胃液,进行延边黄牛瘤胃微生物发酵指标——pH、氨态氮(NH3-N)含量、挥发性脂肪酸(vola⁃tile fattyacid,VFA)含量、微生物蛋白(microbial protein,MCP)浓度的测定,并利用实时定量荧光PCR(Real timePCR)测定延边黄牛瘤胃总菌及溶纤维丁酸弧菌数量。结果表明:不同生长期山野豌豆的缩合单宁含量为36.4827~38.2611 g/kg DM,且盛花期山野豌豆缩合单宁含量更高;不同生长期山野豌豆缩合单宁均使延边黄牛瘤胃内pH有上升趋势,瘤胃NH3-N含量、VFA含量和MCP的浓度有下降趋势。不同生长期山野豌豆缩合单宁对溶纤维丁酸弧菌(B.fibrisolvens)都有抑制作用,对瘤胃总菌没有影响。山野豌豆缩合单宁具有保护过瘤胃蛋白、预防酸中毒的作用,且盛花期山野豌豆缩合单宁保护过瘤胃蛋白的效果更好。

The effects of condensed tannins of Vicia amoena Fisch at different growth stages on rumen mi⁃crobial fermentation characteristics of Yanbian yellow cattle were studied to evaluate the production and application value of condensed tannins(CT)of Vicia amoena Fisch.Nine Yanbian yellow cattle with good body conditions,weights of about 500 kg,and permanent rumen fistula were selected as experimen⁃tal animals,and nine experimental cattle were randomly divided into three groups with the three cattles in each group by single factor experimental design.The samples were taken at the early flowering and the blossom stage,respectively,and the content of CT in Vicia amoena Fisch at different growth stag⁃es was determined.The control group was not add⁃ed with CT extract of Vicia amoena Fisch in the diet,the early florescence group was added with 1%CT extract of Vicia amoena Fisch of the early flowering stage,and the blossom period group was added with 1%CT extract of Vicia amoena Fisch of the blossom stage.The experiment lasted for 35 days,in which the pre feeding period was 15 days and the trial period was 20 days.Rumen fluid was collected before feeding and 1 h,3 h,6 h and 9 h after feeding on the 20th day of the trial period to determine the rumen microbial fermentation indexes of Yan⁃bian yellow cattle,including pH,ammonia nitrogen(NH3-N),volatile fatty acid(VFA)content and micro⁃bial protein(MCP)concentration.The total rumen bacteria and B.fibrinolyticus were detected by PCR.The results showed that the CT content of Vicia amoena Fisch in different growing stages was 36.4827-38.2611 g/kg DM,and the CT content in flowering stage was higher.The CT in different growth stages of Vicia amoena Fisch increased the pH in rumen,but decreased the content of NH3-N,VFA and MCP in rumen of Yanbian yellow cattle.The CT of different growth stages of Vicia amoena Fisch had inhibito⁃ry effect on B.fibrinolyticus,but had no effect on total rumen bacteria.The CT of Vicia amoena Fisch had the effect of protecting the rumen protein and preventing acidosis,and the CT of Vicia amoena Fisch in the blossom stage had better effect of protecting the rumen protein.