论我国农地融资担保的制度实现

On the Institutional Realization of Rural Land Financing Guarantee in China

农地融资担保制度既能满足土地要素市场化改革要求,实现土地要素的有序流动并提高其配置效率,又能拓宽农业融资渠道,激活农地资源,促进现代农业的规模化、集约化发展。然而,实践中存在的交易流转市场不完备、土地评估机制不健全、社会保障体系不完善等因素制约着农地融资担保制度的有效实现。针对农地融资担保实现机制的完善,应基于农户、流转受让方以及金融机构三者的立场进行综合制度设计,即通过构建农地流转交易市场以促进农地流转及抵押融资,修正承包方同意条款以减轻对于流转受让方权利的过度限制,创新强制管理等模式以及时实现抵押权,优化土地价值评估机制以准确评判农地价值,健全农村社会保障体系以增强农户进行融资担保的意愿。

The guarantee system of agricultural land financing can not only meet the requirements of the market-oriented reform of land elements,realize the orderly flow of land elements and improve their allocation efficiency,but also broaden the channels of agricultural financing,activate agricultural land resources and promote the large-scale and intensive development of modern agriculture.However,in practice,the unsound transaction market,the inadequate land evaluation mechanism and the imperfect social security system restrict the effective realization of the rural land financing guarantee system.In order to improve the guarantee mechanism,we should design a comprehensive system based on the positions from farmers,transferees and financial institutions,that is,we should build a rural land transfer market to promote rural land transfer and mortgage financing,and amend the agreement terms of contractors to reduce the excessive restrictions on the rights of transferees.We should innovate the compulsory management mode to realize the mortgage in time,optimize the land evaluation mechanism to accurately assess the value of farmland,and improve the rural social security system to enhance the willingness of farmers to provide financing guarantee.