现代性的难题与现代文明的三重困境

The Dilemma of Modernity and the Triple Dilemma of Modern Civilization

以黑格尔在对现代文明的探索中所指认的“特殊性与普遍性”的现代性难题为视角,可以将苏格兰启蒙思想家和法兰克福学派思想家通过论证“自然自由制度”、批判科学技术意识形态和文化工业,看作现代性难题的三种解决方案。这三种经济、技术和文化的方案揭示了围绕这一现代性难题所凸显出来的现代文明的“特殊性即普遍性”困境、“特殊的普遍性”困境和“普遍的特殊性”困境,只有超越特殊性和普遍性的二元对立,在人类的文明进程中去探求人类文明的新形态,才能实现人的自由和解放。

Taking the modernity dilemma of“particularity and universality”identified by Hegel in his explo⁃ration of modern civilization as a perspective,“a natural liberal system”,criticizing science and technology ideology and cultural industry argued by the Scottish Enlightenment thinkers and the Frankfurt School think⁃ers can be seen as three solutions to the modernity dilemma.Economic,technological and cultural solutions re⁃veal the“particularity-as-universal”dilemma,the“particular universal”dilemma and the“universal particu⁃lar”dilemma of modern civilization,which are highlighted around this dilemma of modernity.Only by tran⁃scending the dichotomy of particularity and universality and seeking a new form of human civilization in the process of human civilization can human freedom and emancipation be achieved.