运河、农业与景观:明晚期嘉兴地区的韧性景观建构

Canal,Agriculture and Landscape:The Resilient Landscape Construction of Jiaxing in the Late Ming Dynasty

在大运河的介入下,嘉兴逐步形成了泽国水乡的精细农业格局。文人在湖面聚集,船窗取景的观景模式冲破景观格局,促成了"以舟为园"的全景游观。在农业的拮抗作用下,园林占地面积小且朴素,文人凝眸于植株使得园林格局破碎化。农业与私园的界限被打破,呈现出景观一体化的特征。最终,在多方力量作用下,嘉兴形成村落与园林交织、丰产且稳定的韧性景观,明晚期市镇经济推动了"导奢导淫"的建园潮流,却未对嘉兴的造园理念造成冲击。

With the intervention of the Grand Canal,Jiaxing gradually formed a fine agricultural pattern.Literati gathered on the lake,and the viewing mode from boat windows broke through the landscape pattern,leading to apanoramic tour of"boat as a garden".Under the antagonism with agriculture,the garden area was small and simple,and the literati stared at the plants,which fragmented the garden pattern.The boundary between agriculture and private gardens was broken,showing the characteristics of landscape integration.Under the influence of multiple forces,Jiaxing formed a resilient,productive and stable landscape with villages and gardens intertwined,and the town economy in the late Ming Dynasty promoted the trend of building increasingly extravagant gardens,but it did not impact the gardening concept of Jiaxing.