自闭症谱系障碍婴幼儿面孔加工的研究进展

Research Progress in Face Processing of Infants and Toddlers with Autism Spectrum Disorder

人物面孔作为传达和接收社会情感信息的重要载体,在个体参与和适应社会生活中发挥着重要作用。早期自闭症谱系障碍个体对人物面孔加工受损会阻碍自身参与正常的社会交往活动。围绕ASD婴幼儿面孔整体加工的研究指出,ASD婴幼儿在早期(至少6个月)能够表现出对静态人物面孔正常化的加工模式,但对存在直视和语言因素的动态社交场景下人物面孔注视受损的特点。目前,ASD婴幼儿对面孔兴趣区(眼睛和嘴巴)是否存在异常性的注视尚无定论,但ASD婴幼儿对动态社交场景内人物面孔眼睛区域的注视时长对其障碍程度具有负向预测作用。未来可将6个月个体回避动态社交场景内人物面孔特征作为ASD早期预警征象的证据之一。同时,继续开展ASD婴幼儿面孔加工受损的成因分析和特异性分析。

Faces play an important role in individual development as a means of conveying and receiving social-emotional information.Impaired processing of faces in individuals with early autism spectrum disorder(ASD)will prevent them from participating in normal social interaction activities.The studies of overall face processing in infants and toddlers with ASD indicated that individuals with ASD can normally process static faces early in life(at least 6 months),but by 6 months of age show impaired face gaze in dynamic social situations with direct visual and language elements.The existence of abnormal gaze on face areas of interest(eyes and mouth)in infants and toddlers with ASD was inconclusive,and the duration of gaze in the eye area of faces in dynamic social situations negatively predicted the degree of impairment.In the future,the avoidance of face features in dynamic social scenes by 6-month-old individuals can be used as one of the early warning signs of ASD,and the analysis of the causes and specificity of impaired face processing in infants and toddlers with ASD should be continued.