蚌埠地区社区居民骨质疏松危险因素知晓率调查及应对策略

Survey on awareness rate and coping strategies of osteoporosis risk factors among community residents in Bengbu area

目的调查蚌埠地区社区居民骨质疏松(osteoporosis,OP)知识及相关危险因素的知晓情况。为该地区广泛开展健康教育,减少和预防社区居民发生骨质疏松提供理论依据和经验借鉴。方法以2019年1月—2020年12月间蚌埠地区社区居民为研究对象,应用整群抽样法进行随机抽样调查。采用骨质疏松知识及危险因素相关问卷,调查内容包括基本特征(性别、年龄、身高、体重等),《骨质疏松症的主要危险因素表》与《IOF骨质疏松症风险一分钟测试题》。采用SPSS 19.0统计学软件进行数据分析。结果共计完成有效问卷调查540人,男性及60岁以上居民参与调查的比例较低,分别为37.78%和5.01%。对低体重、吸烟、低龄停经等危险因素知晓率较低,分别为9.63%、17.59%、13.51%。体力活动少、吸烟、高钠饮食等危险因素在社区居民中比例较高,分别为73.33%、11.85%、14.07%。结论蚌埠地区社区居民对骨质疏松知识掌握不全面,骨质疏松相关的危险因素在社区居民中阳性率较高。一方面需要加大宣传教育,提高对骨质疏松及其危险因素的知晓率;另一方面,针对已经存在危险因素的居民要进行骨密度检测,早诊断早治疗,特别是预防脆性骨折的发生。

Objective To investigate the awareness status and related risk factors of osteoporosis among the community residents in Bengbu area,and provide theoretical basis and experience for the extensive development of health education in this area and the reduction and prevention of osteoporosis in community residents.Methods Questionnaire about osteoporosis knowledge and risk factors was used to conduct a random survey among community residents in Bengbu area from January 2019 to December 2020.The survey content includes basic characteristics(gender,age,height,weight,etc.),"Major Risk Factors of Osteoporosis"and"IOF Osteoporosis Risk One-minute Test Questions".SPSS 19.0 statistical software was used for data analysis.Results A total of 540 valid questionnaires were completed.Men and residents over 60 years of age were less willing to participate in the survey,37.78%and 5.01%,respectively.The awareness rate of risk factors such as low weight,smoking,and low-age menopause was low,which were 9.63%,17.59%,and 13.51%,respectively.Risk factors such as low physical activity,smoking,and high-sodium diet were relatively high among community residents,which were 73.33%,11.85%,and 14.07%,respectively.Conclusion Community residents in Bengbu area do not have comprehensive knowledge of osteoporosis.On the one hand,it is necessary to increase publicity and education to improve the awareness rate of osteoporosis and its risk factors,on the other hand,for the residents who already have risk factors,it is also necessary to carry out bone mineral density testing,early diagnosis and early treatment,especially to prevent the occurrence of brittle fracture.